to other citizens; as, for example, the right to vote, or to
hold particular offices; and that yet, when he goes into another
State, he is entitled to be recognised there as a citizen, although
the State may measure his rights by the rights which it allows to
persons of a like character or class resident in the State, and refuse
to him the full rights of citizenship.

This argument overlooks the language of the provision in the
Constitution of which we are speaking.

Undoubtedly, a person may be a citizen, that is, a member of the
community who form the sovereignty, although he exercises no share of
the political power, and is incapacitated from holding particular
offices. Women and minors, who form a part of the political family,
cannot vote; and when a property qualification is required to vote or
hold a particular office, those who have not the necessary
qualification cannot vote or hold the office, yet they are citizens.

So, too, a person may be entitled to vote by the law of the State, who
is not a citizen even of the State itself. And in some of the States
of the Union foreigners not naturalized are allowed to vote. And the
State may give the right to free negroes and mulattoes, but that does
not make them citizens of the State, and still less of the United
States. And the provision in the Constitution giving privileges and
immunities in other States, does not apply to them.

Neither does it apply to a person who, being the citizen of a State,
migrates to another State. For then he becomes subject to the laws of
the State in which he lives, and he is no longer a citizen of the
State from which he removed. And the State in which he resides may
then, unquestionably, determine his _status_ or condition, and place
him among the class of persons who are not recognised as citizens, but
belong to an inferior and subject race; and may deny him the
privileges and immunities enjoyed by its citizens.

But so far as mere rights of person are concerned, the provision in
question is confined to citizens of a State who are temporarily in
another State without taking up their residence there. It gives them
no political rights in the State, as to voting or holding office, or
in any other respect. For a citizen of one State has no right to
participate in the government of another. But if he ranks as a citizen
in the State to which he belongs, within the meaning of the
Constitution of the United States, then, whenever he goes