as not in fact thoroughly tamed
till its conquest by France in 1830.

AUTHORITIES.--The _Histoire d'Alger_ of H. D. de Grammont (Paris, 1887) is
based on original authorities. Sir R. L. Playfair's _Scourge of
Christendom_ (London, 1884) gives the history of the British consulate in
Algiers. The main authorities for the early history of the Barbary states
are:--Luis del Marmol Carvajal, _Descripcion de Africa_ (Granada, 1573);
Diego de Haedo, _Topographia e Historia General de Argel_ (Valladolid,
1612); and Pere Pierre Dan, _Histoire de Barbarie et de ses corsaires_
(Paris, 1637). The readable treatises of Ad. Jurien de la Graviere, all
published in Paris, _Doria et Barberousse_ (1886), _Les Corsaires
barbaresques_ (1887), _Les Chevaliers de Malte_ (1887), and _La Guerre de
Chypre_ (1888), deal with the epoch of the beylerbeys and the regular wars.
For American work see Gardner Weld Allen, _Our Navy and the Barbary
Corsairs_ (New York, 1905).

(D. H.)

BARBAULD, ANNA LETITIA (1743-1825), English poet and miscellaneous writer,
was born at Kibworth-Harcourt, in Leicestershire, on the 20th of June 1743.
Her father, the Rev. John Aikin, a Presbyterian minister and schoolmaster,
taught his daughter Latin and Greek. In 1758 Mr Aikin removed his family to
Warrington, to act as theological tutor in a dissenting academy there. In
1773 Miss Aikin published a volume of _Poems_, which was very successful,
and co-operated with her brother, Dr John Aikin, in a volume of
_Miscellaneous Pieces in Prose_. In 1774 she married Rochemont Barbauld, a
member of a French Protestant family settled in England. He had been
educated in the academy at Warrington, and was minister of a Presbyterian
church at Palgrave, in Suffolk, where, with his wife's help, he established
a boarding school. Her admirable _Hymns in Prose and Early Lessons_ were
written for their pupils. In 1785 she left England for the continent with
her husband, whose health was seriously impaired. On their return about two
years later, Mr Barbauld was appointed to a church at Hampstead. In 1802
they removed to Stoke Newington. Mrs Barbauld became well known in London
literary circles. She collaborated with Dr Aikin in his _Evenings at Home_;
in 1795 she published an edition of Akenside's _Pleasures of Imagination_,
with a critical essay; two years later she edited Collins's _Odes_; in 1804
she published a selection of papers from the English Essayists, and a
selection from Samue