ay have been introduced), and referable to the
otherwise Asiatic group of macaques, in which it alone represents the
subgenus _Inuus_. This monkey, _Macacus inuus_, is light yellowish-brown
above and yellowish-white below, with the naked part of the face
flesh-coloured. It is entirely terrestrial in habits, at least on
Gibraltar, and goes about in droves.

BARBARY PIRATES. The coast population of northern Africa has in past ages
been addicted to piratical attacks on the shores of Europe opposite.
Throughout the decline of the Roman empire, the barbarian invasions, the
Mahommedan conquest and the middle ages, mere piracy always existed by the
side of the great strife of peoples and religions. In the course of the
14th century, when the native Berber dynasties were in decadence, piracy
became particularly flagrant. The town of Bougie was then the most
notorious haunt of these "skimmers of the sea." But the savage robber
powers which, to the disgrace of Europe, infested the commerce and the
coasts, not only of the Mediterranean but even for a time of the ocean; who
were not finally suppressed till the 19th century was well advanced; and
who are properly known as the Barbary pirates, arose in the 16th century,
attained their greatest height in the 17th, declined gradually throughout
the 18th and were extinguished about 1830. Isolated cases of piracy have
occurred on the Rif coast of Morocco even in our time, but the pirate
communities which lived by plunder and could live by no other resource,
vanished with the French conquest of Algiers in 1830. They are intimately
connected with the general history of northern Africa from about 1492 to
their end. The story of the establishment of Turkish rule in northern
Africa and of the revolutions of Morocco must be sought under the heads of
TURKEY, TRIPOLI, TUNISIA, ALGERIA and MOROCCO.

In dealing with the pirates, it will be sufficient to note a few leading
dates. The conquest of Granada in 1492 by the Catholic sovereigns of Spain
drove many Moors into exile. They revenged themselves by piratical attacks
on the Spanish coast. They had the help of Moslem adventurers from the
Levant, of whom the most successful were Arouj and his brother
Khair-ed-Din, natives of Mitylene, both of whom were known to the
Christians by the nickname of Barbarossa (_q.v._) or "Redbeard." Spain in
self-defence began to conquer the coast towns of Oran, Algiers and Tunis.
Arouj having fallen in battle with th