nd privileges hitherto enjoyed by the Germans in
regard to railways, mines and all other interests, and after peace
and order is restored in Tsingtao, the place shall be handed back to
China to be opened as an International Treaty port.

4. For the maritime defence of China and Japan, China shall lease
strategic harbours along the coast of the Fukien province to Japan
to be converted into naval bases and grant to Japan in the said
province all railway and mining rights.

5. For the reorganization of the Chinese army China shall entrust
the training and drilling of the army to Japan.

6. For the unification of China's firearms and munitions of war,
China shall adopt firearms of Japanese pattern, and at the same time
establish arsenals (with the help of Japan) in different strategic
points.

7. With the object of creating and maintaining a Chinese Navy, China
shall entrust the training of her navy to Japan.

8. With the object of reorganizing her finances and improving the
methods of taxation, China shall entrust the work to Japan, and the
latter shall elect competent financial experts who shall act as
first-class advisers to the Chinese Government.

9. China shall engage Japanese educational experts as educational
advisers and extensively establish schools in different parts of the
country to teach Japanese so as to raise the educational standard of
the country.

10. China shall first consult with and obtain the consent of Japan
before she can enter into an agreement with another Power for making
loans, the leasing of territory, or the cession of the same.

From the date of the signing of this Defensive Alliance, Japan and
China shall work together hand-in-hand. Japan will assume the
responsibility of safeguarding Chinese territory and maintaining the
peace and order in China. This will relieve China of all future
anxieties and enable her to proceed energetically with her reforms,
and, with a sense of territorial security, she may wait for her
national development and regeneration. Even after the present
European War is over and peace is restored China will absolutely
have nothing to fear in the future of having pressure brought
against her by the foreign powers. It is only thus that permanent
peace can be secured in the Far East.

But before concluding this Def