times
duplicated in other republics in Central and South America. For this
can be the only result from adopting the republican form of
government where the political and financial conditions are
unsuited. Diaz, a military leader, once held the power of state in
his own hand, and when he became the President of Mexico it looked
as if the political problem was solved thereby. Diaz, however, did
not push education but instead oppressed the people and did not
allow them to participate in politics. When he was advanced in age
and his influence decreased, he lost entire control once the banner
of rebellion was raised. Ever since the overthrow of Diaz, military
leaders of that country have been fighting one another and the
disturbance is developing even to-day. In the present circumstances
there is no other means to solve the political problem of Mexico
except by intervention from abroad. (_Sic._)

Among the republics of Central and South America, however, there are
some which have made fairly good progress, the most prominent of
which are Argentina, Chili, and Peru. For some time there was
disorder in the first two republics immediately after the adoption
of the republican system, but later peace was gradually restored and
the people have been enjoying peace. As regards Peru, although some
disturbances have occurred since the establishment of the republican
government, the life of the Republic as a whole has been peaceful.
All of these three countries, however, developed constitutional
government with the utmost vigour. Even as far back as in the
earlier part of the Nineteenth Century Argentina and Chili were
already endeavouring to excel each other in their progress, and as
for Peru, its people were encouraged even while under the Imperial
regime, to participate in political affairs. The success of these
three republics is, therefore, not a mere chance happening.

The study of the experiences of these republics of Central and South
America and the history of France and the United States brings
forward two points which we should carefully consider:--

1. In order to make a satisfactory solution of the problem of
succession to the chief executive in a republican country, it is
necessary that the country be in possession of an extensive system
of schools; that the intellect of its peo