ght
out by moldings, become so important.

[Illustration: _Fig. 205._]

A little study and experimenting will soon teach you how a convex, a
concave or a flat surface, and a corner or corners should be arranged
relatively to each other; how much one should project beyond the other;
and what the proportional widths of the different molding bands should
be. An entire volume would scarcely exhaust this subject.

CHAPTER X

AN ANALYSIS OF TENONING, MORTISING, RABBETING AND BEADING

In the chapter on How Work is Laid Out, an example was given of the
particular manner pursued in laying out mortises and tenons, and also
dovetailed work. I deem it advisable to add some details to the subject,
as well as to direct attention to some features which do not properly
belong to the laying out of work.

WHERE MORTISES SHOULD BE USED.--Most important of all is a general idea
of places and conditions under which mortises should be resorted to.
There are four ways in which different members may be secured to each
other. First, by mortises and tenons; second, by a lap-and-butt; third,
by scarfing; and, fourth, by tonguing and grooving.

DEPTH OF MORTISES.--When a certain article is to be made, the first
consideration is, how the joint or joints shall be made. The general
rule for using the tenon and mortise is where two parts are joined
wherein the grains of the two members run at right angles to each
other, as in the following figure.

RULE FOR MORTISES.--Fig. 206 shows such an example. You will notice this
in doors particularly, as an example of work.

[Illustration: _Fig. 206._]

[Illustration: _Fig. 207._]

The next consideration is, shall the mortises be cut entirely through
the piece? This is answered by the query as to whether or not the end of
the tenon will be exposed; and usually, if a smooth finish is required,
the mortise should not go through the member. In a door, however, the
tenons are exposed at the edges of the door, and are, therefore, seen,
so that we must apply some other rule. The one universally adopted is,
that where, as in a door stile, it is broad and comparatively thin, or
where the member having the mortise in its edge is much thinner than
its width, the mortise should go through from edge to edge.

The reason for this lies in the inability to sink the mortises through
the stile (A, Fig. 207) perfectly true, and usually the job is turned
out something like the illustration shows. The side