on: _Fig. 224._]

FRONT AND SIDE LINES.--From the floor diagram, and the door and window
spaces, as marked out, we may now proceed to lay out rough front and
side outlines of the building. The ceilings are to be 9 feet, and if we
put a rather low-pitched roof on the square structure (Fig. 223) the
front may look something like Fig. 225, and a greater pitch given to the
rectangular plan (Fig. 224) will present a view as shown in Fig. 226.

[Illustration: _Fig. 225._]

[Illustration: _Fig. 226._]

THE ROOF.--The pitch of the roof (Fig. 225) is what is called "third
pitch," and the roof (Fig. 226) has a half pitch. A "third" pitch is
determined as follows:

ROOF PITCH.--In Fig. 227 draw a vertical line (A) and join it by a
horizontal line (B). Then strike a circle (C) and step it off into three
parts. The line (D), which intersects the first mark (E) and the angle
of the lines (A, B), is the pitch.

In Fig. 228 the line A is struck at 15 degrees, which is halfway between
lines B and C, and it is, therefore, termed "half-pitch."

[Illustration: _Fig. 227._]

[Illustration: _Fig. 228._]

Thus, we have made the ground plans, the elevations and the roofs as
simple as possible. Let us proceed next with the details of the
building.

THE FOUNDATION.--This may be of brick, stone or concrete, and its
dimensions should be at least 1-1/2 inches further out than the sill.

THE SILLS.--We are going to build what is called a "balloon frame"; and,
first, we put down the sills, which will be a course of 2" x 6", or 2" x
8" joists, as in Fig. 229.

THE FLOORING JOIST.--The flooring joists (A) are then put down (Fig.
230). These should extend clear across the house from side to side, if
possible, or, if the plan is too wide, they should be lapped at the
middle wall and spiked together. The ends should extend out flush with
the outer margins of the sills, as shown, but in putting down the first
and last sill, space must be left along the sides of the joist of
sufficient width to place the studding.

[Illustration: _Fig. 229._]

[Illustration: _Fig. 230._]

THE STUDDING.--The next step is to put the studding into position. 4" x
4" must be used for corners and at the sides of door and window
openings. 4" x 6" may be used at corners, if preferred. Consult your
plan and see where the openings are for doors and windows. Measure the
widths of the door and window frames, and make a measuring stick for
this purpose. You must leav