Northern army for
its defeat at Bull Run made Russell much disliked in the North. This
dislike was bitterly displayed in a pamphlet by Andrew D. White ("A
Letter to William Howard Russell, LL.D., on passages in his 'Diary North
and South'"), published in London in 1863.]

[Footnote 1219: June 25, 1864.]

[Footnote 1220: The _Army and Navy Gazette_, July 30, 1864.]

[Footnote 1221: _Ibid._, June 25, 1864.]

[Footnote 1222: _Ibid._, July 16, 1864. Similar articles and editorials
might be quoted from many of the more important papers, but the _Times_
and the _Gazette_ will suffice as furnishing the keynote. I have not
examined in detail the files of the metropolitan press beyond
determining their general attitude on the Civil War and for occasional
special references. Such examination has been sufficient, however, to
warrant the conclusion that the _weight_ of the _Times_ in influencing
opinion was very great. Collating statistics given in:

(1) Grant's _The Newspaper Press_; (2) in a speech in
Parliament by Edward Banes in 1864 (Hansard, 3rd Ser., CLXXV,
p. 295); and (3) in _Parliamentary Papers_, 1861, _Commons_,
Vol. XXXIV, "Return of the Registered Newspapers in the
United Kingdom ... from 30 June, 1860, to 30 June, 1861," the
following facts of circulation are derived:

(A) _Daily Papers_:

(1) _The Telegraph_ (evening), 150,000 (neutral).

(2) _The Standard_ (morning and evening), 130,000 (Southern).
Under the same management was also _The Herald_ (morning), but with
small circulation (Southern).

(3) The _Times_ (morning), 70,000 (Southern). Grant says: "The
prestige of the _Times_ was remarkable. The same articles appearing
in other papers would not produce the same effect as in the _Times_."
Of Delane, the editor, Grant declared "His name is just as
well-known ... throughout the civilized world as that of any of our
European kings.... The _Times_ may, indeed, be called the Monarch
of the Press." (Grant, II, p. 53.)

(4) _The Morning Advertiser_ (circulation uncertain, probably 50,000),
but very largely taken in the trades, in public-houses, and in the
Clubs (neutral).

(5) _The Daily News_ (morning), 6,000 (Northern).

(6) _The Morning Star_, 5,500 (but with evening edition 10,000)
(Northern). Grant says that contrary to general belief, John Bright
was never a shareholder but at times raised money to meet deficits.
_The Star_ was regarded as an _anti-Britis