f real importance. Some good work has been
done in ethnography and archaeology by some writers of the colonial
period, and by Ezequiel Uricoechea and Ernesto Restrepo.

_Territorial Divisions and Towns._--Previously to 1903 the republic was
divided into nine departments, which were then reduced to eight by the
secession of Panama. This division of the national territory was
modified in 1905, by creating seven additional departments from detached
portions of the old ones, and by cutting up the unsettled districts of
Goajira and the great eastern plains into four _intendencias_. The
fifteen departments thus constituted, with the official estimates of
1905 regarding their areas and populations, are as follows:--

Area Estimated Estimated
Department. sq. m. Population. Capital. Population.

Antioquia 24,400 750,000 Medellin 60,000
Atlantico 1,080 104,674 Barranquilla 40,115
Bolivar 23,940 250,000 Cartagena 14,000
Boyaca 4,630 350,000 Tunja 10,000
Caldas 7,920 150,000 Manizales 20,000
Cauca 26,030 400,000 Popayan 10,000
Cundinamarca 5,060 225,000 Facatativa 12,000
Galan 6,950 300,000 San Gil 15,000
Huila 8,690 150,000 Neiva 10,000
Magdalena 20,460 100,000 Santa Marta 6,000
Narino 10,040 200,000 Pasto 6,000
Quesada 2,900 300,000 Zipaquira 12,000
Santander 11,970 300,000 Bucaramanga 20,000
Tolima 10,900 200,000 Ibague 12,000
Tundama 2,390 300,000 Santa Rosa 6,000
Federal District .. 200,000 Bogota 120,000
Intendencias (4) 277,620 .. .. ..
------- --------- ------ ------
Totals 444,980 4,279,674 .. ..

Of these departments the original eight are Antioquia, Bolivar, Boyaca
(or Bojaca), Cauca, Cundinamarca, Magdalena, Santander and Tolima. The
four intendencias are called Goajira, Meta, Alto Caqueta and Putumayo,
and their aggregate area is estimated to be considerably more than half
of th