the history of the European colonies. The
nearness of Brazil to the coast of Africa made it easy for the
Portuguese to supply the growing lack of native labour by the wholesale
importation of purchased or kidnapped Africans.

Of the French it is admitted that in their colonial possessions they
displayed an unusual faculty for conciliating the prejudices of native
races, and even for assimilating themselves to the latter. But neither
this nor the genius of successive governors and commanders succeeded in
preserving for France her once extensive colonies in Canada or her great
influence in India. In Algeria and West Africa the French government has
not merely found practical training schools for her own soldiers, but by
opening a recruiting field amongst the native tribes it has added an
available contingent to the French army.

The Dutch took early a leading share in the carrying trade of the
various European colonies. They have still extensive colonies in the
East Indian Archipelago, as well as possessions in the West Indies. The
Danish dependencies in the Antilles are but trifling in extent or
importance.

It is the English-speaking race, however, that has shown the most
remarkable energy and capacity for colonization. The English settlements
in Virginia, New England, New York, New Jersey, Maryland, Pennsylvania,
Delaware, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Georgia had, between the
first decade of the 17th and the seventh decade of the 18th century,
developed into a new nation, the United States of America. It is
unnecessary here to deal with the development of what have since been
the two great independent branches of the English-speaking people--those
of the United States (q.v.) and of the British Empire (q.v.), as their
history is given elsewhere. But the colonizing genius which, with the
British Isles as centre, has taken up the "white man's burden" in all
quarters of the globe, is universally recognized. In the problems of
government raised by the organization of the British dominions beyond
the seas the system of colonization has been developed to an extent
unknown under any other national flag.

COLOPHON, an ancient city of Ionia, situated inland about 15 m. N. of
Ephesus. Its port was at Notium or New Colophon. The site, now called
_Tracha_ (only recognized towards the end of the 19th century), lies
near Diermendere, 5 m. S. of Develikeui station on the Smyrna-Aidin
railway, and about 2 m. from the