ept that the lower flowers
have longer stems, making the cluster somewhat flat-topped; the outer
flowers bloom first. Hawthorn.

_Cyme_, [Illustration] in appearance much like a corymb, but it differs
in the fact that the central flower blooms first. Alternate-leaved
Cornel.

_Umbel_, [Illustration] stems of the separate flowers about equal in
length, and starting from the same point. Garden-cherry.

_Panicle_, [Illustration] a compound raceme. Catalpa.

_Thyrsus_, a compact panicle. Horse-chestnut.

_Clusters with Sessile or Nearly Sessile Flowers._

_Catkin_, [Illustration] bracted flowers situated along a slender and
usually drooping stem. This variety of cluster is very common on trees.
The Willows, Birches, Chestnuts, Oaks, Pines, and many others have their
flowers in catkins.

_Head_, [Illustration] the flowers in a close, usually rounded cluster.
Flowering Dogwood.

FRUIT.--In this book a single fruit will include all the parts that grow
together and contain seeds, whether from a single blossom or a cluster;
there will be no rigorous adherence to an exact classification; no
attempt made to distinguish between fruits formed from a simple pistil
and those from a compound one; nor generally between those formed from a
single and those formed from a cluster of flowers. The fruit and its
general classification, determined by the parts easily seen, is all that
will be attempted.

As stated before, it is hoped that this volume will not end the
student's work in the investigation of natural objects, but that the
amount of information here given will lead to the desire for much more.

_Berry_ will be the term applied to all fleshy fruits with more than one
seed buried in the mass. Persimmon, Mulberry, Holly. The _pome_ or
_Apple-pome_ differs from the berry in the fact that the seeds are
situated in cells formed of hardened material. Apple, Mountain-ash. The
_Plum_ or _Cherry drupe_ includes all fleshy fruits with a single
stony-coated part, even if it contains more than one seed. Peach,
Viburnum, China-tree. In some cases, when there is but one seed in the
flesh and that not stony-coated, it will be called a _drupe-like berry_.

The _dry drupe_ is like the Cherry drupe except that the flesh is much
harder. The fruit of the Walnut, Hickory, and Sumac.

[Illustration: Fig. 11.]

The inner hard-coated parts of these and some others will be called
_nuts_. If the nut has a partial scaly covering, as in the