metres long, and is
fixed to a rod nearly a metre in length. At the end of the
angling line hangs a weight of bone, and beside it the
hook. It is generally the women who fish, yet there are
generally two or three men about to open the holes, build
the walls, and keep the fishing-places clear. All the
holes with their shelter-walls lie in an arc, about a
kilometre in length, whose convex side is turned to the
east. The ice in the lagoon was 1.7 metre thick, the water
3.2 metres deep, and the thickness of snow on the ice 0.3
metre.

[Illustration: THE COAST BETWEEN PADLJONNA AND ENJURMI.
To the west Idlidlja Island, in the background the village Tjapka,
to the right the great lagoon. (After a drawing by O. Nordquist.) ]

"The day after our arrival at Najtskaj we visited the
village Tjapka, which lies at a distance of six
kilometres. This village contains thirteen tents, some of
which are more roomy and better built than any Chukch tent
I have previously seen. We lodged in a tent which belonged
to Erere, a friendly man with a face that was always
cheerful. His sleeping-chamber was so large that it could
hold more than one family. We found the inmates there
completely naked, Erere's wife, Kedlanga, not excepted.
Kedlanga was well formed, her bosom full, her stomach
somewhat projecting, the thighs poor, the legs slender,
the feet small. The men appeared to have a greater
disposition to stoutness than the women. Some of the
children had disproportionately large stomachs. Both men
and women wore copper rings on the legs, the wrists, and
the upper arms. On festivals they decorate themselves with
iron rings, with which some reminiscence appears to be
connected, to judge by the fact that they will not part
with them.

"Erere's family was very numerous, according to the
prevailing state of matters here. He had five children,
whose names, according to their age, were, Hatanga,
Etughi, Vedlat, Uai, and Umonga. In all the tents which I
visited I have inquired the number of children. Only two
or three wives had more than three; the average may be
estimated at two.

[Illustration: BRACELET OF COPPER. Half the natural size. ]

"The children are from their tenderest years set apart for
each other, thus Etughi, Erere's second son, who was
little more than eight, was set apar