kites of ordinary Farman type, which developed into the curious
"pumpkin" sociable, and the early "gun 'bus" of 1913. Thence arrived the
gun-carrier with 100 h.p. monosoupape Gnome.

[Illustration: Plate IX.]

THE BRISTOL AEROPLANES.--First, 1910, Farman type box-kites familiar to
all early pupils. Then the miniature Maurice-Farman type biplane of the
"Circuit of Britain." Contemporaneous was the "floating tail" monoplane
designed by Pierre Prier, and after it a similar machine with fixed
tail. Then came the handsome but unfortunate monoplane designed by
M. Coanda for the Military Trials, 1912.

[Illustration: Plate X.]

THE BRISTOL TRACTORS.--Late 1912 came the round fuselaged tractor, with
Gnome engine, designed by Mr. Gordon England for Turkey. 1912-13 came
the biplane built onto the Military Trials monoplane type fuselage,
also with a Gnome, designed by M. Coanda for Roumania. Then the
Renault-engined Coanda tractor 1913, followed by 80 h.p. Gnome-engined
scout, designed by Messrs. Barnwell and Busteed, which with Gnomes,
le Rhones and Clergets, has been one of the great successes. Almost
contemporary was the two-seater Bristol.

[Illustration: Plate XI.]

THE MARTINSYDES.--1909, first experimental monoplane built with small
4-cylinder engine. J.A.P.-engined machine, 1910, followed by the
Gnome-engined machine, 1911. 1912, first big monoplane with Antoinette
engine was built, followed by powerful Austro-Daimler monoplane, 1913.
Then came the little Gnome-engined scout biplanes, 1914, some with,
some without, skids.

[Illustration: Plate XII.]

THE CURTISS BIPLANES.--In 1909 came the "June-bug," the united product
of Glen Curtiss, Dr. Graham Bell, and J. A. D. McCurdy. Then the
box-kite type, 1909, on which Mr. Curtiss won the Gordon-Bennett Race at
Reims. Next the "rear-elevator" pusher, 1912, followed by first tractor,
1913, with an outside flywheel. All purely Curtiss machines to that
date had independent ailerons intended to get away from Wright patents.
Following these came tractors with engines varying from 70 to 160 h.p.,
fitted with varying types of chassis. All these have ordinary ailerons.

[Illustration: Plate XIII.]

THE BLERIOT (1).--The first engine-driven machine was a "canard"
monoplane. Then came the curious tractor monoplanes 1908-1909, in
order shown. Famous "Type XI" was prototype of all Bleriot successes.
"Type XII" was never a great success, though the ancestor of the popul