ike a Nieuport, and the "destroyer" type with a round
section body, flown by Vedrines.

[Illustration: Plate XXIII.]

THE VOISIN.--1908, the first properly controlled flight on a European
aeroplane was made on a Voisin of the type shown with fixed engine.
Then followed the record breaker of 1909 with a Gnome engine. In 1909
also the only Voisin tractor was produced. 1910 the Paris-Bordeaux type
was built; 1911 the amphibious "canard" and the "military" type with
extensions, and the type without an elevator. 1913 came the type with
only two tail-booms and a geared-down engine, which developed into the
big "gun" machine with a Salmson engine.

[Illustration: Plate XXIV.]

THE HANRIOT AND PONNIER MONOPLANES.--In 1909 came the first Hanriot with
50 h.p. 6-cylinder Buchet engine, and in 1910 the famous "Henrietta"
type with E.N.Vs. and stationary Clergets. 1911 came the Clerget
two-seater entered in French Military Trials, and 1912 the 100 h.p.
Hanriot-Pagny monoplane which took part in British Military Trials.
Sister machines of the same year were the single seater with 50 h.p.
Gnome and the 100 h.p. Gnome racer with stripped chassis. In 1913 the
Ponnier-Pagny racing monoplane with 160 h.p. Le Rhone competed in the
Gordon-Bennett race, doing about 130 miles in the hour. The 60 h.p.
Ponnier biplane was the first successful French scout tractor biplane.

[Illustration: Plate XXV.]

THE WRIGHT BIPLANE.--The first power flights were made, 1903, on a
converted glider fitted with 16 h.p. motor. The prone position of the
pilot will be noted. By 1907 the machine had become reasonably practical
with 40 h.p. motor. On this the first real flying in the world was done.
In 1910 the miniature racing Wright was produced; also the type with a
rear elevator in addition to one in front. Soon afterwards the front
elevator disappeared, and the machine became the standard American
exhibition and school machine for four years. In 1915 a machine with
enclosed fuselage was produced.

[Illustration: Plate XXVI.]

THE BLACKBURN MONOPLANES.--In 1909 was built the curious four-wheeled
parasol-type machine with 35 h.p. Green engine and chain transmission,
on which flying was done at Saltburn. In 1911 the Isaacson-engined
machine was built, together with a 50 h.p. Gnome single-seater on which
Mr. Hucks started in the Circuit of Britain race. In 1912 another 50
h.p. single-seater was built on which a good deal of school work was
done. A