e with 70 h.p. Gnome, and Prevost's Gordon-Bennett
"Bullet," 135 miles in the hour. The last was the British-built
"Thunder-Bug," familiar at Hendon.

[Illustration: Plate XVIII.]

THE BREGUET.--First to fly was the complicated but business-like machine
of 1909. Then came the record passenger carrier, 1910 (which lifted 8
passengers). 1911 the French Military Trials machine with geared-down
100 h.p. Gnome appeared. 1912 produced the machine with 130 h.p. Salmson
engine on which the late Mr. Moorhouse flew the Channel with Mrs.
Moorhouse and Mr. Ledeboer as passengers; also the machine with 130 h.p.
horizontal Salmson, known as the "Whitebait." The last before the war
was the rigid wing machine with 200 h.p. Salmson.

[Illustration: Plate XIX.]

THE CODY.--First the Military Experiment of 1908, with an Antoinette
engine, then improved type 1909 with a Green engine. Next the
"Cathedral," 1910, with a Green engine, which won Michelin Prize. In
1911 "Daily Mail" Circuit machine, also with a Green, won the Michelin.
This was modified into 1912 type which won Military Competition and
L5,000 in prizes, with an Austro-Daimler engine, and later the Michelin
Circuit Prize, again with a Green. 1912 the only Cody Monoplane was
built. 1913 a modified biplane on which the great pioneer was killed.

[Illustration: Plate XX.]

THE NIEUPORT.--The first Nieuport of 1909 was curiously like a monoplane
version of a Caudron. In 1910 came the little two-cylinder machine with
fixed tail-plane and universally jointed tail. In 1911 the French Trials
machine was built with 100 h.p. 14 cylinder Gnome, and is typical of
this make. Also the little two-cylinder record breaker. A modification
of 1913 was the height record machine of the late M. Legagneux.

[Illustration: Plate XXI.]

THE R.E.P. MONOPLANES.--First came the curious and highly interesting
experiments of 1907, 1908, 1909, and 1910. 1910-1911, the World's
Distance Record breaker was produced; after it, the "European Circuit,"
all with R.E.P. engines. In 1913-14 came the French military type with
Gnome engine and finally the "parasol," 1915.

[Illustration: Plate XXII.]

THE MORANE: First the European Circuit and Paris-Madrid type. Then the
1912 types, with taper wing and modern type wing. The 1913 types, the
"clipped wing," flown by the late Mr. Hamel, one of the standard tandem
types now in use. About the same time came the "parasol." 1914-15 came
a little biplane l