as a pair of Wright
planes with a fuselage added. Next was the famous tractor with 80 h.p.
Gnome. Then the "tabloid" of 1913, which set a completely new fashion
in aeroplane design. From this developed the Gordon-Bennett racer shown
over date 1914. The gun-carrier was produced about the same time, and
the later tractor biplane in a development of the famous 80 h.p. but
with 100 h.p. monosoupape Gnome.

[Illustration: Plate V.]

THE MAURICE FARMAN.--First, 1909, the 50-60 h.p. Renault and coil-spring
chassis. 1910, the same chassis with beginning of the characteristic
bent-up skids. 1911 appeared the huge French Military Trials 3-seater;
also the round-ended planes and tails and "Henry" type wheels. This
developed, 1912, into the square-ended planes and upper tail, and long
double-acting ailerons of the British Military Trials. The 1913 type had
two rectangular tail-planes and better seating arrangements, known
affectionately as the "mechanical cow"; the same year came the first
"shorthorn," with two tail-planes and a low nacelle. This finally
developed into the carefully streamlined "shorthorn" with the raised
nacelle and a single tail-plane.

[Illustration: Plate VI.]

THE SHORT "PUSHERS."--In 1909 came the semi-Wright biplane, with 35 h.p.
Green, on which Mr. Moore-Brabazon won the "Daily Mail's" L1000 prize
for the first mile flight on a circuit on a British aeroplane. Then the
first box-kite flown by Mr. Grace at Wolverhampton. Later the famous
"extension" type on which the first Naval officers learned to fly. Then
the "38" type with elevator on the nacelle, on which dozens of R.N.A.S.
pilots were taught.

[Illustration: Plate VII.]

SHORT TRACTORS, 1911-1912.--They were all co-existent, but the first was
the "tractor-pusher" (bottom of picture). Then came the "twin-tractor
plus propeller" (at top). A development was the "triple-tractor" (on the
right), with two 50 h.p. Gnomes, one immediately behind the other under
the cowl, one driving the two chains, the other coupled direct. Later
came the single-engined 80 h.p. tractor (on the left), the original of
the famous Short seaplanes.

[Illustration: Plate VIII.]

THE VICKERS MACHINES: First the Vickers-R.E.P. of 1911, which developed
into the full-bodied No. V. with R.E.P. engine, then the Military Trials
"sociable" with Viale engine, and so to the big No. VII with a 100 h.p.
Gnome. Contemporary with the No. V and No. VI were a number of school
box-