gle for the good of the group,
and a contest for the success of the few must give way to co-operation
for the good of all.

READING REFERENCES

ELLWOOD: _Sociology in Its Psychological Aspects_, pages 188-194.

ADAMS AND SUMNER: _Labor Problems_, pages 175-286, 379-432,
461-500.

_Bulletins of the United States Department of Labor._

CARLTON: _History and Problems of Organized Labor_, pages 228-261.

GLADDEN: _The Labor Question_, pages 77-113.

HENDERSON: _Social Elements_, pages 167-206.

CROSS: _Essentials of Socialism_, pages 11, 12, 106-111.

WYCKOFF: _The Workers._

CHAPTER XXVIII

EXCHANGE AND TRANSPORTATION

207. =Mercantile Exchange.=--Important as is the manufacturing
industry in the life of the city, it is only a part of the economic
activity that is continually going on in its streets and buildings.
The mercantile houses that carry on wholesale and retail trade, the
towering office-buildings, and the railway and steamship terminals
contain numerous groups of workers all engaged in the social task of
supplying human wants, while streets and railways are avenues of
traffic. The manufacture of goods is but a part of the process;
distribution is as important as production. All these sources of
supply are connected with banks and trust companies that furnish money
and credit for business of every kind. The economic activities of a
city form an intricate network in which the people are involved.

Hardly second in importance to manufacturing is mercantile exchange.
The manufacturer, after he has paid his workers, owns the goods that
have been produced, but to get his living he must sell them. To do
this he establishes relations with the merchant. Their relations are
carried on through agents, some of whom travel from place to place
taking orders, others establish office headquarters in the larger
centres of trade. Once the merchant has opened his store or shop and
purchased his goods he seeks to establish trade relations with as many
individual customers as he can attract. Mercantile business is carried
on in two kinds of stores, those which supply one kind of goods in
wholesale or retail quantities, like groceries or dry goods, and those
which maintain numerous departments for different kinds of
manufactured goods. Large department stores have become a special
feature of mercantile exchange in cities of considerable size, but
they do not destroy the smaller merchant