mmar schools
with a mixture of boarders and day-scholars. It was founded by Francke
in 1712, after the ideas of the famous Basedow, and was endowed by means
of a public subscription.

[31] These were two pamphlets by the famous patriot and poet Ernst
Moritz Arndt (1769-1860), published in 1805.

[32] That is, Froebel realised the distinction of the subject-world from
the object-world.

[33] That is, he signed Wilhelm Froebel instead of Friedrich Froebel,
for a time. It cannot have been for long, however.

[34] The young man mentioned on page 39.

[35] The pretty district bordering the river Ucker, in pleasing contrast
with the sandy plains of Brandenburg; it lies at no great distance from
Berlin, so that it forms the favourite goal for a short excursion with
the people of that arid city.

[36] Whither Luther fled for refuge after the Diet of Worms in 1521; and
where, protected by the Elector of Saxony, he lay concealed for a year.
During this year he translated the Bible.

[37] Held all over Protestant Germany in 1817.

[38] Our children still in like manner "say their catechism" at
afternoon church in old-fashioned country places.

[39] This school, still in existence up to 1865 and later, but now no
longer in being, had been founded under Gruner, a pupil of Pestalozzi,
to embody and carry out the educational principles of the latter.

[40] There is a smaller town called Frankfurt, on the Oder. "Am Main,"
or "An der Oder," is, therefore, added to the greater or the smaller
Frankfurt respectively, for distinction's sake.

[41] He never does, for this interesting record remains a fragment.

[42] Situate at the head of the lake of Neuchatel, but in the canton of
Vaud, in Switzerland.

[43] Austria was not the only country alive to the importance of this
new teaching. Prussia and Holland also sent commissioners to study
Pestalozzi's system, and so did many other smaller states. The Czar
(Alexander I.) sent for Pestalozzi to a personal interview at Basel.

[44] _Wandernde Classen._ Some of our later English schools have adopted
a similar plan.

[45] One of Pestalozzi's teachers, to whom especially was confided the
arrangement of the arithmetical studies.

[46] By positive instruction Froebel means learning by heart, or by
being told results; as distinguished from actual education or
development of the faculties, and the working out of results by pupils
for themselves.

[47] This must mean the system in