s long held in great esteem.

[75] _Geognosie._

[76] The Plamann School, an institution of considerable merit. Plamann
was a pupil of Pestalozzi. One of the present writers studied
crystallography later on with a professor who had been a colleague of
Froebel's in this same school, and who himself was also a pupil of
Pestalozzi.

[77] Froebel is here symbolically expressing the longing which pervaded
all noble spirits at that time for a free and united Germany, for a
great Fatherland. The tender mother's love was symbolised by the ties of
home (Motherland), but the father's strength and power (Fatherland) was
only then to be found in German national life in the one or two large
states like Prussia, etc. It needed long years and the termination of
this period of preparation by two great wars, those of 1866 and of 1870,
to bind the whole people together, and make Germany no longer a
"geographical expression" but a mighty nation.

[78] In the beginning of this great contest it was Prussia who declared
war against the common enemy and oppressor, Napoleon. The other German
powers, for the most part, held aloof.

[79] The Baron von Luetzow formed his famous volunteer corps in March
1813. His instructions were to harass the enemy by constant skirmishes,
and to encourage the smaller German states to rise against the tyrant
Napoleon. The corps became celebrated for swift, dashing exploits in
small bodies. Froebel seems to have been with the main body, and to have
seen little of the more active doings of his regiment. Their favourite
title was "Luetzow's Wilde Verwegene Schaar" (Luetzow's Wild Bold Troop).
Amongst the volunteers were many distinguished men; for instance, the
poet Koerner, whose volume of war poetry, much of it written during the
campaign, is still a great favourite. One of the poems, "Luetzow's Wilde
Jagd" ("Luetzow's Wild Chase"), is of world-wide fame through the musical
setting of the great composer Weber. In June 1813 came the armistice of
which Froebel presently speaks. During the fresh outbreak of war after
the armistice the corps was cut to pieces. It was reorganised, and we
find it on the Rhine in December of the same year. It was finally
dissolved after Napoleon's abdication and exile to Elba, 20th April, and
the peace of Paris 30th May, 1814.

[80] _Die Grafschaft Mark._ The Mark of Brandenburg (so called as being
the mark or frontier against Slavic heathendom in that direction during
the dark ag