onstantius attended in person. The council approved three creeds (Hahn,
SS 153-155). Whether or no the so-called "fourth formula" (Hahn, S 156)
is to be ascribed to a continuation of this synod or to a subsequent but
distinct assembly of the same year, its aim is like that of the first
three; while repudiating certain Arian formulas it avoids the Athanasian
shibboleth "homoousios." The somewhat colourless compromise doubtless
proceeded from the party of Eusebius of Nicomedia, and proved not
inacceptable to the more nearly orthodox members of the synod. The
twenty-five canons adopted regulate the so-called metropolitan
constitution of the church. Ecclesiastical power is vested chiefly in
the metropolitan (later called archbishop), and the semi-annual
provincial synod (cf. Nicaea, canon 5), which he summons and over which
he presides. Consequently the powers of country bishops (_chorepiscopi_)
are curtailed, and direct recourse to the emperor is forbidden. The
sentence of one judicatory is to be respected by other judicatories of
equal rank; re-trial may take place only before that authority to whom
appeal regularly lies (see canons 3, 4, 6). Without due invitation, a
bishop may not ordain, or in any other way interfere with affairs lying
outside his proper territory; nor may he appoint his own successor.
Penalties are set on the refusal to celebrate Easter in accordance with
the Nicene decree, as well as on leaving a church before the service of
the Eucharist is completed. The numerous objections made by eminent
scholars in past centuries to the ascription of these twenty-five canons
to the synod _in encaeniis_ have been elaborately stated and probably
refuted by Hefele. The canons formed part of the _Codex canonum_ used at
Chalcedon in 451 and passed over into the later collections of East and
West.

The canons are printed in Greek by Mansi ii. 1307 ff., Bruns i. 80
ff., Lauchert 43 ff., and translated by Hefele, _Councils_, ii. 67 ff.
and by H.R. Percival in the _Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers_, 2nd
series, xiv. 108 ff. The four dogmatic formulas are given by G. Ludwig
Hahn, _Bibliothek der Symbole_, 3rd edition (Breslau, 1897), 183 ff.;
for translations compare the _Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers_, 2nd
series, iv. 461 ff., ii. 39 ff., ix. 12, ii. 44, and Hefele, ii. 76
ff. For full titles see COUNCILS. (W. W. R.*)

ANTIOCH IN PISIDIA, an ancient city, the remains of which, including
ruins of