d_: The region from which branches arise.
_Old wood_: Parts of the vine older than one year.
_Canes_: Wood of the current season.
_Spurs_: Short pieces of the bases of canes; usually one or two
nodes with a bud each.
_Renewal spurs_: Spurs left to bear canes the following year.
_Shoots_: Newly developed succulent stems with their leaves.
_Fruit-shoots_: Flower and fruit-bearing shoots.
_Wood-shoots_: Shoots which bear leaves only.
_Laterals_: Secondary shoots arising from main shoots.
_Water sprouts_: Shoots arising from adventitious buds.
_Suckers_: Shoots arising from below ground.
_Nodes_: Joints in the stem from which leaves are or may be borne.
_Internodes_: The part between two nodes.
_Diaphragm_: The woody tissue which interrupts the pith at the
node.
_Bloom_: The powdery coating on the cane.
_Tendril_: The coiled, thread-like organ by which the vine grasps
an object and clings to it.

Species of grapes have very characteristic vines. A glance at a vine
enables one to tell the European grape from any of the American
grapes; so, also, one is able to distinguish most of the American
species by the aspect of the vine. Many varieties of any species of
grape are readily told by the size and habits of the plant. Size of
vine is rather more variable than other gross characters because of
the influence of environment, such as food, moisture, light, isolation
and pests; yet, size in a plant or the parts of a plant is a very
reliable character when proper allowances are made for environment.

The degree of hardiness is a very important diagnostic character in
determining both species and varieties of grapes and very largely
indicates their value for the vineyard. Thus, the varieties of the
European grape are less hardy than the peach, while our American
Labruscas and Vulpinas are as hardy as the apple. The range of
varieties as to hardiness falls within that of the species, and
cultivated varieties hardier than the wild grape are not found. Grapes
are designated in descriptions of varieties and species as hardy,
half-hardy and tender.

Habit of growth varies but little with changing conditions and is thus
an important means of distinguishing species and varieties and not
infrequently stamps the variety as fit or unfit for the vineyard.
Habit of growth gives aspect to the vine. Thus, a vine may be upright,
droopin