uishing
species and varieties through their color and the amount and
character of the pubescence. Shoots may be glabrous, pubescent or
hairy and even spiny.

The tendril is one of the organs most used in determining species and
varieties of grapes. In some species, as _V. Labrusca_, there is a
tendril or an inflorescence opposite nearly every leaf, continuous
tendrils. All other species have two leaves with a tendril opposite
each and a third leaf without a tendril, intermittent tendrils. To
study this organ it is necessary to have vigorous, healthy, typical
canes. Tendrils may be long or short, stout or slender; simple,
bifurcated or trifurcated; or smooth, pubescent or warty.

The number of inflorescences borne by species is an important
character in some cases. All species, excepting _V. Labrusca_, average
two inflorescences to a cane, but _V. Labrusca_ may bear from three to
six inflorescences, each in the place of a tendril opposite the leaf.

_The bud._

_Bud_: An undeveloped shoot.
_Fruit-bud_: A bud in which a shoot bearing flowers originates.
_Wood-bud_: A bud in which a shoot bearing only leaves originates.
_Latent bud_: A bud which remains dormant for one or more seasons.
_Adventitious bud_: A bud arising elsewhere than the normal
position at a node.
_Eye_: A compound bud.
_Main bud_: The central bud of an eye.
_Secondary bud_: The lateral bud of an eye.

Buds of different species of grapes vary greatly in time of opening as
they do somewhat in varieties, so that the time the buds begin to
swell is a fine mark of distinction. The angle at which the bud stands
out from the branch is of some value in determining species.
Differences in color, size, shape, position and amount of pubescence
of buds must all be noted in describing grapes. The scales of the buds
vary more or less in size and in thickness.

_The flower._

_Staminate_: Having stamens and not pistils; a male flower.
_Pistillate_: Having pistils and not stamens; a female flower.
_Dioecious_: Said when the stamens are on one plant and the
pistils on another.
_Polygamous_: Said when flowers on a plant are in part perfect
(having both stamens and pistils) while others are
staminate or pistillate.
_Hermaphrodite_: Said of a flower having both stamens and pistils.
_Fertile_: Said of a flower capable of bearing seed