the weeds and also in gaining useful information regarding them
and the best means of eradicating them.

The following species are recommended for special study during the
season: mustard (such varieties as are found in the vicinity), Canada
thistle, purslane, lamb's quarter, pink-rooted pigweed, and quack grass.
The pupils should be familiar with the general appearance of the plant;
its appearance when coming up in the spring; whether annual, biennial,
or perennial; nature of the root, and whether hard to pull up; if hard
to eradicate, why so; its rate of growth compared with the garden
plants; the number of seeds produced by a single plant; how the seeds
are scattered.

THE APPLE TREE

(When the buds are beginning to open)

FIELD EXERCISE

The pupils, during an excursion that is conducted by the teacher or
while making individual observations, obtain answers to problems of the
following type:

What is the shape of the top of the apple tree?

Are all apple trees of the same shape?

What is the height of the trunk?

Measure the girth of the trunk of the largest?

Are the leaf buds and flower buds more numerous near the inside of the
tree top or more numerous at the outer part of the top?

_To the teacher._--When discussing the answers to the above problems,
develop the conception of the convenience of the low stature of the tree
for gathering the apples, of the wide-spreading branches for bearing a
large crop, of the stoutness of the trunk for supporting the weight, and
also of the position of the buds as adapting them for securing sunshine.

CLASS-ROOM LESSON ON THE APPLE TREE

~Materials.~--Twigs bearing flower and leaf buds. These are gathered by
the pupils from the apple trees that were studied during the field
exercises.

Each pupil finds on his twig the objects and markings, etc., as in the
following outline:

Describe the shape of the twig.

Where were the apples that grew last year attached?

Describe the positions of the buds on the twigs.

Which buds are the larger, those at the end or those on the side of the
twig?

Describe the condition of the bud scales.

Open the buds and find what they contain.

Of what use are the bud scales?

How many blossoms are in one bud?

Of what use to the young leaves is the downy covering?

FIELD EXERCISE FOLLOWING CLASS-ROOM LESSON

(Just after the blossoms are fully open)

What is the colour of the apple blossom?

Find the little gree