larvae burrow into the ground in September to form the chrysalides,
hence there should be soil in the vivarium in which they are kept.

THE CHRYSALIS

~Observations.~--The shape, colour, nature of the covering, the long
handle, the wing impressions, the segmental part, the emergence of the
adult in May or early June.

What organ of the insect was contained in the "handle" of the chrysalis?

The adult is one of the handsomest of moths, because of its graceful,
clear-cut shape and the variegated grays and yellows of its dress. Look
on poplar, cotton-wood, plum, and pine trees, and on tobacco plants for
relatives of the tomato worm, the large green larvae whose chrysalis and
adult forms resemble those of the tomato worm.

THE CROW

Crows are so plentiful that there will be no difficulty in making
observations on the living birds in the free state in spring or summer.
(As the crow is a bird that is easily tamed, it may be possible to have
a tame crow in the class-room for more careful study of the details of
structure.)

~Observations.~--Describe its attitude when perched, movements of the
wings in flight, speed of flight. Why does the crow perch high up in
trees? What gives to the crow its swift flight?

Study the various calls of the crow and note the alarm, threat, summons,
and expression of fear.

Find the nest and note its position, size, build, materials, eggs, and
young. How is the nest concealed? What makes it strong?

Are crows often seen on the ground? Do they walk or hop?

Observe and report on the crow's habits of feeding. It eats corn,
potatoes, oats, beetles, crickets, grasshoppers, cutworms, and
occasionally birds' eggs or young birds.

Why do king-birds chase and thrash the crow? Are scarecrows effective in
keeping crows off the grain fields?

Note the sentinels that are on the watch to warn other crows of danger.

Give reasons for the belief that the crow is a wise bird.

Give reasons for regarding the crow as a neighbour of doubtful
character. Give reasons why crows should be protected.

NOTE.--Crows will not pull up corn and seed that has been covered with
coal-tar before it is planted.

In addition to the animals already named, the musk-rat, raccoon, fox,
flying-squirrel, robin, wren, and king-bird will be found convenient for
study in many localities.

The swimming of the musk-rat, and how its shape, fur, feet, and tail fit
it for a life in water are topics suitable for observat