ial should be grown for two years in the school garden to furnish
material for concrete study.

In a similar way discuss a few common types of _perennials_, such as
rhubarb, dahlia, apple tree, and develop the following points:

1. These plants may or may not produce seeds during the first year's
growth.

2. Some of these plants are herbs, but most of them are trees and
shrubs.

3. Food is stored in roots or stems to provide for early spring growth.

4. These plants live on from year to year.

GARDEN STUDIES

ANNUALS

~Observations.~--Some plants, such as poppy and candy-tuft, are early
blooming, while others, such as aster and cosmos, bloom in late summer,
hence a selection should be made that will yield a succession of bloom
throughout the season.

Some are hardy annuals which can be grown from open planting, even when
the weather is cold. These often seed themselves; for example,
sweet-pea, morning-glory, phlox, poppy, sweet-alyssum.

Some are half-hardy annuals, such as asters, balsams, stocks, and
nasturtiums. These must be started indoors or in hotbeds, or if in
plots, not until the soil is quite warm.

The heights of annuals vary, and consequently they must be arranged in
the bed in such a way that tall plants will not shade the short ones.

BIENNIALS

~Observations.~--During the first year food is stored in the root of the
turnip, carrot, parsnip, and beet, in the leaves of the cabbage, and in
the stem of the hollyhock.

Flowers and seeds are produced during the second year, and the
storehouse becomes empty, dry, and woody. Preparation for winter is
therefore, in the case of biennials, preparation for a renewal of growth
the following spring.

PERENNIALS

~Observations.~--The highest forms of plant life are found in this class;
namely, the strong, large, hardy trees and shrubs.

The herbaceous perennials are equipped with underground parts that act
as storehouses of food to ensure the growth of the plant through
successive seasons. Examples: the roots of dahlia, rhubarb, dandelion,
and chicory; the underground stems of potato, onion, tulip,
scutch-grass, Canada thistle, etc.

Many of the wild flowers that bloom in early spring belong to this
class, and their rapid growth then is made possible by the store of food
in the underground parts. Examples: trillium, bloodroot, squirrel-corn,
Indian turnip, Solomon's seal, etc.

SPECIAL STUDY OF GARDEN PLANTS

A few plants should be selected f