266
Fertilizers--experiments 268
Soil-forming Agents 268
Tilling the Soil 269
Garden Work--experiments in plots out-of-doors 270
Function of Parts of Plants 273
How the plant gets its food from the soil;
germination of some of the common grains 274
Weeds 278
Vines 279
Wild Flowers 279
Planting of Trees, Shrubs, and Herbaceous
Perennials in Home and School Grounds 280
Shade trees; transplanting 281

Animal Studies 283
Scale Insects 283
San Jose scale; oyster-shell bark-louse; cutworms; white grubs 283
Crayfish 285
Freshwater Mussel 286

Bird Study 287

Different Aspects of Nature Study 288

PREFATORY NOTE

This Manual is placed in the hands of the teachers in the hope that the
suggestions which it contains on lesson topics, materials, books of
reference, and methods in teaching will be found helpful to all teachers
and in particular to those who have had little or no instruction in
Nature Study during their academic or professional training.

The first Chapter of the Manual discusses topics which have general
reference to the subject as a whole. The remaining part of the Manual
deals more particularly with the subject in its application to the
different Public and Separate School Forms. While this division of the
matter into Forms is convenient for general classification, it is not to
be regarded as arbitrary. Materials and methods of presentation suitable
for one class of pupils in a certain Form might, under different
conditions, be quite unsuitable for another class of pupils in the same
Form. For example, work which would be suitable for a class in Form I
made up of pupils admitted to a school at seven or eight years