her material
for winter study. When a large class is to be taken on an excursion,
preparations must be made with special care. The teacher and one or two
assistants should go over the ground beforehand and arrange for the work
to be done. Some work must be given to every pupil, and prompt obedience
to every command and signal must be required. The class, for example,
may decide to search a small wood or meadow to find out what flowers are
there. The pupils should be dispersed throughout the field to hunt for
specimens and to meet at a known signal to compare notes.

SUGGESTIONS FOR UNGRADED SCHOOLS

1. The teacher may take all the classes, choosing an object of study
from which he can teach lessons suitable to all ages, a bird's nest, for
example.

2. In many sections, the little ones are dismissed at 3.30 p.m.
Opportunity is thus given for an excursion with the seniors.

3. The older pupils may be assigned work and left in charge of a
monitor, elected by themselves, who shall be responsible for their
conduct, while the teacher is working outside with the lower Forms.

4. Boys who are naturally interested in outdoor work should be
encouraged to show the others anything of interest they may have found.

5. An occasional Saturday excursion may be arranged.

~Discipline.~--The teacher should insist on making the excursion a serious
part of the school work, not merely recreation. School-room behaviour
cannot be expected, but the boisterous conduct of the playground should
give place to earnest expectancy. The pupils should keep within sound of
the teacher's voice (a sharp whistle may be used) and should promptly
respond to every call. Topics of conversations should as far as possible
be restricted to those pertaining to the object of the excursion or
related matters.

In visiting woods, children should be trained to study flowers in their
environment and leave them there, plucking or digging for none except
for some excellent reason. The same respect should be shown to birds and
their nests, and to insects, and all other living things encountered.

THE TEACHER'S EXCURSIONS

As soon as possible after coming to a section, the teacher should
acquaint himself with the woods, groves, streams, or other haunts that
may provide him with material for his indoor or outdoor work. He can
then direct the pupils effectively. The teacher should go over the route
of an excursion shortly before it takes place. This prevents waste