xes; propagation of plants by budding,
cuttings, and layering. (See pp. 201-3 and 208-13.)

COMMON WILD FLOWERS:

Field lessons on the habitat of common wild flowers; class-room study of
the plant organs including floral organs; study of weeds and weed seeds
continued, also the study of garden and field annuals, biennials, and
perennials. (See Autumn.) (See pp. 170-2 and 212-5.)

SOIL STUDIES AND EXPERIMENTS:

The components of soils, their origin, properties, and especially their
water absorbing and retaining properties; the relation of soils to plant
growth; experiments demonstrating the benefits of mulching and of
drainage. (See pp. 203-6.)

FORM IV

AUTUMN

INJURIOUS AND BENEFICIAL INSECTS AND BIRDS:

Identification of common insects and observations on their habits; means
of combating such insects, as codling moth, etc.; bird identification,
and study of typical members of some common families, as woodpeckers,
flycatchers; spiders. (See pp. 217-22 and 240-5.)

ORNAMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL GARDEN PLOTS:

Observations and conclusions based upon experimental plots; common
shrubs, vines, and trees, and how to grow them. (See pp. 225-30 and
279.)

FUNCTIONS OF PLANT ORGANS:

Simple experiments illustrating roots as organs of absorption, stems as
organs of transmission, and leaves as organs of respiration,
transpiration, and food building. (See pp. 273-8.)

ECONOMIC STUDY OF PLANTS:

Comparative study of varieties of winter apples, of fall apples, or of
other fruits of the locality; visits to orchards; weed studies
continued. (See Form III.) (See pp. 229-30 and 239-40.)

RELATION OF SOIL AND SOIL TILLAGE TO FARM CROPS:

Soil-forming agents, as running water, ice, frost, heat, wind, plants,
and animals, and inferences as to methods of tillage. (See pp. 268-70.)

WINTER

AIR AND LIQUID PRESSURE:

Simple illustrations of the buoyancy of liquids and of air; simple tests
to demonstrate that air fills space and exerts pressure; the application
of air pressure in the barometer, the common pump, the bicycle tire,
etc. (See pp. 248-52.)

OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE:

Generate each of these gases and test for properties, as colour, odour,
combustion, action with lime-water; the place occupied by these gases in
nature. (See pp. 252-5.)

PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF HEAT, STEAM, AND ELECTRICITY:

Making a simple voltaic cell, an electro-magnet, and a simple
electroscope. Test the current by means of the tw