n in gases; applications 198
Radiation of Heat--problems 199

CHAPTER XI. FORM III: SPRING

Window Boxes 201

Window Gardens 201
Suitable Plants; Fertilizer 202

Soil Studies--constituents 203

Garden Work 206
Tree Seeds 207
Transplanting--flowers, vegetables, tree seedlings 208
Budding 209
Cuttings--leaf cuttings, root cuttings, layering 211
Planting and Care of Herbaceous Perennials 212
Garden Studies--biennials 212

Wild Flowers 213
Study of the Trillium 213
Class-room lesson on the specimens 213

Adaptations of Animals 215

Bird Types 217
Woodpeckers--the downy woodpecker; observations 217
Flycatchers 219
Wrens 219

Insect Types 220
Cabbage-butterfly 220
Tussock-moth 221
Potato beetle 222
References 222

Fish--Observations; problems; references 223

CHAPTER XII. FORM IV: AUTUMN

Garden Work 225
Herbaceous Perennials from Seed 226

Trees--Deciduous; references 227
Trees in Relation to their Environment 228

Fruits--Excursion to a well-kept orchard 229
Small Fruits 230

Autumn Wild Flowers--Milkweed; correlations 230

Trees--The White Pine