d Fixtures 109
2. The Amount of Merchandise on Hand 111
3. Gross Receipts in 1907 and 1908 113

CHAPTER III

DEALING WITH THE COMMUNITY

1. Age of Establishments 117
2. Permanence of Location 118
3. Business Methods 120
4. Credit Relationships 122
5. The Purchasing Public 123

CHAPTER IV

SOME SAMPLE ENTERPRISES

1. Individuals and Partnerships 127
2. The Negro Corporation 137

CONCLUSION 143

APPENDICES, A, B, C 149

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY 154

INDEX 157

PART I

THE NEGRO AS A WAGE EARNER IN NEW YORK CITY

CHAPTER I

THE CITY[1] AND THE NEGRO--THE PROBLEM

The city of to-day, the growth of the past century, is a permanent
development. Dr. Weber has effectively treated the history, nature,
causes and effects of the concentration. He shows[2] that the
percentage of urban population has varied in different countries; and
that this is due mainly to the varying density of population and to
the diverse physical features of the countries which have been
differently affected by the Industrial Revolution and the era of
railroads. The causes of this concentration have been the divorce of
men from the soil, the growth of commercial centers, the growth of
industrial centers, and such secondary and individual causes as
legislation, educational and social advantages.

In the United States, city growth has been affected by all of the
several causes that have operated in other countries, modified at
times and in places by exceptional influences.[3]

In the discussions concerning the Negro and his movement cityward, it
is often assumed that his migration is affected by causes of a
different kind from those moving other populations; or that it is not
similar in respect to the movement of the white population under
similar conditions; or that the concentration can result only in dire
disaster both to himself and to the community into which he moves.
Such facts as are available sugges