o
conquer the Confederacy, were earnestly in favour of peace and therefore
opposed to the war policy of the president and of Congress. Such men
were not necessarily friends of the Confederate cause. The term
originated in the autumn of 1862, and its use quickly spread throughout
the North. In the Western states early in 1863 the terms "Copperhead"
and "Democrat" had become practically synonymous. The name was adopted
because of the fancied resemblance of the peace party to the venomous
copperhead snake, and, though applied as a term of opprobrium, it was
willingly assumed by those upon whom it was bestowed.

COPPERMINE, a river of Mackenzie district, Canada, about 475 m. long,
rising in a small lake in approximately 110 deg. 20' W. and 65 deg. 50'
N., and flowing south to Lake Gras and then north-westward to Coronation
Gulf in the Arctic Ocean. Like Back's river, the only other large river
of this part of Canada, it is unnavigable, being a succession of lakes
and violent rapids. The country through which it flows is a mass of low
hills and morasses. The river was discovered by Samuel Hearne in 1771,
and was explored from Point Lake to the sea by Captain (afterwards Sir
John) Franklin in 1821.

COPPER-PYRITES, or CHALCOPYRITE, a copper iron sulphide (CUFeS2), an
important ore of copper. The name copper-pyrites is from the Ger.
_Kupferkies_, which was used as far back as 1546 by G. Agricola;
chalcopyrite (from [Greek: chalkos], "copper," and pyrites) was proposed
by J. F. Henckel in his _Pyritologia, oder Kiess-Historie_ (1725). By
the ancients copper-pyrites was included with other minerals under the
term pyrites, though the copper-ore from Cyprus referred to by Aristotle
as chalcites may possibly have been identical with this mineral.

Chalcopyrite crystallizes in the tetragonal system with inclined
hemihedrism, but the form is so nearly cubic that it was not recognized
as tetragonal until accurate measurements were made in 1822. Crystals
are usually tetrahedral in aspect, owing to the large development of the
sphenoid P {111}. The faces of this form are dull and striated, whilst
the smaller faces of the complementary sphenoid P' {111} (fig. 1) are
bright and smooth. The combination of these two forms produces a figure
resembling an octahedron, the angle between P and P' being 70 deg.
7-1/2', corresponding to the angle 70 deg. 32' of the regular
octahedron. The other faces shown in fig. 1 are the basal pin