nt some modification subsequent
to 27 B. C. In 23 B. C., Augustus transferred to the Senate Narbonese Gaul
where the rapid progress of colonization had made it "more a part of Italy
than a province." In exchange he took over Illyricum, where the progress
of the Roman arms had been interrupted by the outbreak of the war with
Antony and where the Romans were confronted by warlike and restless
peoples of the hinterland. Somewhat later Cilicia also became an imperial
province and in 6 A. D. Sardinia was placed under an imperial procurator
because of disturbances on the island. Southern Greece, previously
dependent upon the province of Macedon, was placed under the government of
the Senate as the province of Achaea. New administrative districts
organized by Augustus out of territories conquered by his generals
remained under his control.

*Survey and census of the empire.* The main expense of the military and
civil establishment of the empire was defrayed by the revenues from the
provinces. As a basis for an accurate estimate of their resources for
purposes of taxation and recruitment Augustus caused a comprehensive
census of the population and an evaluation of property to be taken in each
newly organized district, and provided for a systematic revision of the
census in all the imperial provinces. In addition a general chart of the
empire was compiled on the basis of an extended survey conducted under the
direction of Agrippa.

*The foreign policy of Augustus.* As we have seen, Augustus since he was
commander-in-chief of the Roman armies and in charge of the administration
of the most important border provinces, was entrusted by the senate with
the direction of the foreign relations of the state. Here his aims
conformed to the general conservatism of his policies and were directed
towards securing a defensible frontier for the empire which should protect
the peace that he had established within its borders. His military
operations were conducted with due regard to the man power and the
financial resources of the state. To secure the defensible frontier at
which he aimed it was necessary for Augustus to incorporate in the empire
a number of border peoples whose independence was a menace to the peace of
the provinces and to establish some client kingdoms as buffer states
between Roman territory and otherwise dangerous neighbors.

*The settlement in Spain.* The northwestern corner of the Spanish
peninsula was still occupied b