piae, the other from Tarentum by Manduria, Neretum, Aletium
(with a branch to Callipolis) and Veretum (hence a branch to Leuca), which
met at Hydruntum. Augustus joined Calabria to Apulia and the territory of
the Hirpini to form the second region of Italy. From the end of the second
century we find Calabria for juridical purposes associated either with
Apulia or with Lucania and the district of the Bruttii, while Diocletian
placed it under one _corrector_ with Apulia. The loss of the name Calabria
came with the Lombard conquest of this district, when it was transferred to
the land of the Bruttii, which the Byzantine empire still held.

(2) The modern Calabria consists of the south extremity of Italy (the "toe
of the boot" in the popular simile, while the ancient Calabria, with which
the present province of Lecce more or less coincides, is the "heel"),
bounded on the N. by the province of Potenza (Basilicata) and on the other
three sides by the sea. Area 5819 sq. m. The north boundary is rather
farther north than that of the ancient district of the Bruttii (_q.v._).
Calabria acquired its present name in the time of the Byzantine supremacy,
after the ancient Calabria had fallen into the hands of the Lombards and
been lost to the Eastern empire about A.D. 668. The name is first found in
the modern sense in Paulus Diaconus's _Historia Langobardorum_ (end of the
8th century). It is mainly mountainous; at the northern extremity of the
district the mountains still belong to the Apennines proper (the highest
point, the Monte Pollino, 7325 ft., is on the boundary between Basilicata
and Calabria), but after the plain of Sibari, traversed by the Crati (anc.
Crathis, a river 58 m. long, the only considerable one in Calabria), the
granite mountains of Calabria proper (though still called Apennines in
ordinary usage) begin. They consist of two groups. The first extends as far
as the isthmus, about 22 m. wide, formed by the gulfs of S. Eufemia and
Squillace; its highest point is the Botte Donato (6330 ft.). It is in
modern times generally called the Sila, in contradistinction to the second
(southern) group, the Aspromonte (6420 ft.); the ancients on the other hand
applied the name Sila to the southern group. The rivers in both parts of
the chain are short and unimportant. The mountain districts are in parts
covered with forest (though less so than in ancient times), still largely
government property, while in much of the rest there is go