k goods, coal, iron and
steel, petroleum, timber, raw wool, cotton yarn and cork. During the five
years 1901-1905 the average annual value of exports was L8,388,000
(L6,363,000 in the years 1896-1900), of imports L4,145,000 (L3,759,000 in
1896-1900). In 1905, exclusive of passenger and mail boats, there entered
the port 848 vessels of 312,477 tons and cleared 857 of 305,284 tons, these
being engaged in the general carrying trade of the port. The main industry
of Calais is the manufacture of tulle and lace, for which it is the chief
centre in France. Brewing, saw-milling, boat-building, and the manufacture
of biscuits, soap and submarine cables are also carried on. Deep-sea and
coast fishing for cod, herring and mackerel employ over 1000 of the
inhabitants.

Calais was a petty fishing-village, with a natural harbour at the mouth of
a stream, till the end of the 10th century. It was first improved by
Baldwin IV., count of Flanders, in 997, and afterwards, in 1224, was
regularly fortified by Philip Hurepel, count of Boulogne. It was besieged
in 1346, after the battle of Crecy, by Edward III. and held out resolutely
by the bravery of Jean de Vienne, its governor, till after nearly a year's
siege famine forced it to surrender. Its inhabitants were saved from
massacre by the devotion of Eustache de St Pierre and six of the chief
citizens, who were themselves spared at the prayer of Queen Philippa. The
city remained in the hands of the English till 1558, when it was taken by
Francis, duke of Guise, at the head of 30,000 men from the ill-provided
English garrison, only 800 strong, after a siege of seven days. From this
time the _Calaisis_ or territory of Calais was known as the _Pays
Reconquis_. It was held by the Spaniards from 1595 to 1598, but was
restored to France by the treaty of Vervins.

CALAIS, a city and sub-port of entry of Washington county, Maine, U.S.A.,
on the Saint Croix river, 12 m. from its mouth, opposite Saint Stephens,
New Brunswick, with which it is connected by bridges. Pop. (1890)
7290;(1900) 7655 (1908 being foreign-born); (1910) 6116. It is served by
the Washington County railway (102.5 m. to Washington Junction, where it
connects with the Maine Central railway), and by steamboat lines to Boston,
Portland and Saint Johns. In the city limits are the post-offices of
Calais, Milltown and Red Beach. The city has a small public library. The
valley here is wide and deep, the banks of the river bold and pictu