ead in parts, for there can
be little doubt that the second part was written before the first was
published. A more real defect, but one which Butler shares with all his
contemporaries, is the tendency to delineate humours instead of characters,
and to draw from the outside rather than from within.

Attempts have been made to trace the manner and versification of _Hudibras_
to earlier writers, especially in Cleveland's satires and in the _Musarum
Deliciae_ of Sir John Mennis (Pepys's Minnes) and Dr James Smith
(1605-1667). But if it had few [v.04 p.0887] ancestors it had an abundant
offspring. A list of twenty-seven direct imitations of _Hudibras_ in the
course of a century may be found in the Aldine edition (1893). Complete
translations of considerable excellence have been made into French (London,
1757 and 1819) by John Townley (1697-1782), a member of the Irish Brigade;
and into German by D.W. Soltau (Riga, 1787); specimens of both may be found
in R. Bell's edition. Voltaire tried his hand at a compressed version, but
not with happy results.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.--Butler's works published during his life include, besides
_Hudibras_: _To the Memory of the most renowned Du Vall: A Pindaric Ode_
(1671); and a prose pamphlet against the Puritans, _Two Letters, one from
J. Audland ... to W. Prynne, the other Prynne's Answer_ (1672). In
1715-1717 three volumes, entitled _Posthumous Works in Prose and Verse ...
with a key to Hudibras by Sir Roger l'Estrange ..._ were published with
great success. Most of the contents, however, are generally rejected as
spurious. The poet's papers, now in the British Museum (Addit. MSS.
32,625-6), remained in the hands of his friend William Longueville, and
after his death were left untouched until 1759, when Robert Thyer, keeper
of the public library at Manchester, edited two volumes of verse and prose
under the title of _Genuine Remains in Verse and Prose of Mr Samuel
Butler_. This collection contained _The Elephant in the Moon_, a satire on
the Royal Society; a series of sketches in prose, _Characters_; and some
satirical poems and prose pamphlets. Another edition, _Poetical Remains_,
was issued by Thyer in 1827. In 1726 Hogarth executed some illustrations to
_Hudibras_, which are among his earliest but not, perhaps, happiest
productions. In 1744 Dr Zachary Grey published an edition of _Hudibras_,
with copious and learned annotations; and an additional volume of _Critical
and Historical and Expl