d not be refused. The next step was taken by
Miss Garrett, now Dr Garrett Anderson. She decided to qualify herself
for the medical examinations of the Society of Apothecaries, London,
who also, owing to the wording of their charter, were unable to refuse
her, and in 1865 she successfully passed the required tests. In order,
however, to prevent a recurrence of such "regrettable incidents," the
society made a rule that in future no candidates should be admitted to
their examinations unless they came from a recognised medical school,
and, as no such school would admit women, this closed their doors.

In the meantime Miss Jex-Blake had applied to Edinburgh University
for medical education, but had been refused on the score that it was
impossible to make such alterations "in the interests of one lady."
Mrs Thorne, Miss Chaplin, Miss Pechey, and Mrs de Lacy Evans then
decided to join Miss Jex-Blake, thus making five instead of one. They
were allowed to matriculate, but forced to form separate classes
and to guarantee 100 guineas for each class. They were not, however,
allowed to receive scholarships, to which their work would have
entitled them, on the score that they were women. Mrs Thorne states
that their "success in the examination lists was their undoing," as,
owing to this, and to the fact that they were unjustly debarred from
receiving the distinctions that they had gained, a great deal of bad
feeling was aroused.

As the agitation increased, the efforts of these pioneers to obtain
a qualifying course for women in Edinburgh, were supported by a
committee of sympathisers, which speedily rose to five hundred
members, and, after a severe struggle, the question of clinical
teaching in the Infirmary was settled partially in the women's
favour in 1872. Later, the question of the validity of the original
resolutions admitting women to the University was raised and decided
against them. They had, therefore, been four years at the University
and were finally excluded. This, however, proved to be only temporary
as, in later years, the University reopened its medical degrees to
women; but not in time to allow of the return of these courageous
pioneers.

In the meantime Dr Garrett Anderson, having taken her degree in
Paris, had been steadily working in London, forming the nucleus of the
present New Hospital for Women, and the pioneers from Edinburgh came
to London and helped her to start a school of medicine for women.

This