was
supplied them in tobacco factories, celluloid manufacturing plants,
food production, leather-bag making and trunk manufacture, and in
assorting cores in foundries.[135]

A survey of the labor and wage conditions among the migrants in the
city of Hartford indicated that the males were employed in the
factories and foundries and that most of them were doing unskilled
work, although here and there a few were doing skilled work. Some had
shown, moreover, that they possessed the capacity and energy
sufficient to establish enterprises of their own as means of
self-maintenance, for there were found among them a first-class
restaurant, fine barber shops, first-class shoe shop, six grocery
stores and three tailor shops for cleaning, pressing and repairing;
and each enterprise was doing a thriving business. The wages of those
working in the factories and foundries were $4 per day. The females,
on the other hand, were employed mostly in domestic service, and their
average wage was $9 or $10 per week. The girls and a few of the women
were employed in the department stores as helpers and cleaners at
wages ranging from $7 to $9 per week. About 250 of them were employed
also as tobacco strippers and received wages of from $10 to $12 per
week. Besides, the working conditions, on the whole, were reported to
be very satisfactory.[138]

Most of the Negroes who were employed in the foregoing instances had
been former employees in the cotton, tobacco, rice, sugar cane,
turpentine and lumber industries of the South. Their coming to the
North in search of work suddenly forced them into factories,
foundries, ammunition plants, automobile establishments, packing
industries, and into various other forms of work which were entirely
different from those to which they had been accustomed at home.
Attached to these occupations was a set of mores, wholly new to the
Negroes, and with which they had, first of all, to make themselves
familiar. It goes almost without saying, therefore, that at the
beginning the Negroes experienced much difficulty in trying to adjust
themselves to these new labor conditions. Among these newcomers,
moreover, there were two types of laborers, namely, those who were
intelligent, industrious, and thrifty. In this class were many
students and men with responsibilities, who had been carefully
selected by the labor agents. The second type was composed of men who
had been picked up promiscuously and transported to the Nort