elps Negro Misfits," _New York
Times_, Oct. 7, 1917, III, 10: 1.

[137] Pendleton, H. B., _Survey_, 37: 570-71, Feb., 1917.

[138] Wright, James A., _Letter on Conditions of Negro Migrants in
Hartford_, Dec. 1, 1919.

[139] Tyson, F. D., _Negro Migration in 1916-17_, Rep. U. S. Dept.
Lab., pp. 122-24.

[140] Tyson, F. D., _Negro Migration in 1916-17_, Rep. U. S. Dept.
Lab., p. 124.

[141] _Ibid._, p. 127.

[142] Hayes, G. E., _Negro New-Comers in Detroit, Mich._, pp. 12-20.

[143] Pendleton, H. B., _Survey_, 37: 570, Feb., 1917.

[144] _The Negro in Industry_, p. 2.

[145] Pendleton, H. B., _Survey_, 37: 570-71, Feb., 1917.

[146] Epstein, A., _The Negro Migrant in Pittsburgh_, p. 11.

[147] _Ibid._, p. 15.

[148] _Ibid._, pp. 12-13.

[149] _Ibid._, p. 12.

[150] _Ibid._, p. 16.

[151] Tyson, F. D., _Negro Migration in 1916-17_, Rep. U. S. Dept.
Lab., p. 149.

[152] Haynes, G. E., _Negro New-Comers in Detroit, Mich._, pp. 25-26.

[153] Haynes, G. E., _Negro New-Comers in Detroit, Mich._, pp. 23, 26.

[154] Tyson, F. D., _Negro Migration in 1916-17_, Rep. U. S. Dept.
Lab., p. 149.

[155] Wright, J. A., _Letter on Conditions Among Negro Migrants in
Hartford_, December, 1919.

CHAPTER VIII

DEPENDENTS AND DELINQUENTS

Another way in which the migration affected the Negroes may be seen in
a brief study of their health in the North. To any people moving into
new surroundings health is an extremely important concern, because on
it largely depends their success in adjusting themselves to the new
situations, especially if hard daily toil is their sole means of
subsistence. As regards the health of the Negro migrants in the North
it is reported that from the start they became, to a great extent,
victims of disease. Such a consequence, however, was inevitable
because of the sudden change of the Negroes from the comparatively
mild climate of the South to the severe climate of the North, their
inadequate clothing for the cold weather of this section, the
hardships of the unrelenting toil, and the congested and unsanitary
living conditions, in the Northern cities and industrial centers.
These forces all operated heavily against the bodies of the Negroes
and thus rendered them susceptible to pneumonia, bronchitis,
tuberculosis, and other deadly maladies. The following studies of
health conditions among Negroes in a few Northern cities will
demonstrate the extent to which the newcomers were menac