carefully constructed theory. They did not,
however, demolish mine; on the contrary, they supplied another and a
very curious link in the chain of evidence. For is it not remarkable
that one of the sets of parallels quoted by me appeared in the same year
as Joly's book, and that within the space of nine years no less than
four parallels to the Protocols should have been discovered? Let us
recapitulate the events of this decade in the form of a table and the
proximity of dates will then be more apparent:

1859. Cretineau Joly's book published containing documents of
Haute Vente Romaine (parallels quoted by me).

1860. _Alliance Israelite Universelle_ founded.

1864. _1st Internationale_ taken over by Karl Marx.

" _Alliance Sociale Democratique_ of Bakunin founded
(parallels quoted by me).
" Maurice Joly's _Dialogue aux Enfers_ published
(parallels quoted by _Times_).

1866. 1st Congress of Internationale at Geneva.

1868. Goedsche's _Biarritz_ (parallels quoted by Mr. Lucien
Wolf).

1869. Gougenot Des Mousseaux's _Le Juif_, etc.

" Bakunin's _Polemique contre les Juifs_.

It will be seen, then, that at the moment when Maurice Joly wrote his
_Dialogues_, the ideas they embodied were current in many different
circles. It is interesting, moreover, to notice that the authors of the
last two works referred to above, the Catholic and Royalist Des
Mousseaux and the Anarchist Bakunin, between whom it is impossible to
imagine any connexion, both in the same year denounced the growing power
of the Jews whom Bakunin described as "the most formidable sect" in
Europe, and again asserted that a leakage of information had taken place
in the secret societies. Thus in 1870 Bakunin explains that his secret
society has been broken up because its secrets have been given
away,[869] and that his colleague Netchaieff has arrived at the
conclusion that "in order to found a serious and indestructible society
one must take for a basis the policy of Machiavelli."[870] Meanwhile
Gougenot Des Mousseaux had related in _Le Juif_, that in December 1865
he had received a letter from a German statesman saying:

Since the revolutionary recrudescence of 1848, I have had relations
with a Jew who, from vanity, betrayed the secret of the secret
societies with which he had been associated, and who warned me
eight or ten days beforehand of al