455 f., 658.
Charles III, Duke of, 168.
Louise of, 185.
Saxony
division into Albertine and Ernestine, 119 note.
Albertine
George, Duke of, 24, 56, 119, 191, 283, 528, 554 f., 700.
Henry, Duke of, 119.
Maurice, Duke and Elector of, 119.
alliance with Charles V, 127 f.
attacks John Frederic, 128.
becomes elector, 128.
captures Magdeburg, 129.
turns against Charles V, 130, 393.
death, 130.
and Council of Trent, 393.
Ernestine
nationalism, 44.
indulgences, 66.
mentioned, 74.
Peasants' War, 91 ff.
Anabaptists, 103, 644.
becomes Lutheran, 113.
brigandage, 505.
church property, 551.
Frederic, Elector of, 77, 82, 93.
supports Luther, 66, 79, 81, 104, 113, 283.
John, Elector of, 113, 283, 595, 644.
signs Protest, 115.
votes against Ferdinand, 118.
John Frederic the Elder, Elector and Duke of, 305.
expels Bishop of Naumburg, 120.
defeated and captured by Charles V, 128.
freed, 130.
loses electoral vote, 128.
John Frederic the Younger, Duke of, 132.
Scaliger, J. J., 575, 585.
Scandinavia, 21, 135 ff., 350.
Schaffhausen, 146, 157, 160.
Schaertlin, 128.
Scheldt barred by Holland, 274.
Schenck, M., 134.
Schenitz, J., 518.
Schleswig-Holstein, 136.
Schmalkalden, League of, 118 ff., 187, 197, 300 f., 305 f.
Schmalkaldic War, 126 ff., 198, 200, 376, 383, 393.
Schmidt, 712.
Schoenberg, 622.
Schools, 12, 471, 662 ff.
Schoonhoven, 264.
Schwenckfeld, C. von, 164.
Schwyz, 146, 153.
Science, 609-24.
inductive method, 609.
mathematics, 609 ff.
zooelogy, 611 f.
anatomy, 612 f.
physics, 613 ff.
geography, 615 f.
astronomy, 616 ff.
schools, 666.
Scotland
and England, 279, 309, 351 f., 358 f., 369.
condition, 350 ff.
and France, 351 f., 358 f.
Reformation, 352 ff., 359 ff., 369 f.
the kirk, 364, 369 f.
Black Acts, 369.
population, 453 f., 458.
theater, 485.
duelling, 486.
brigandage, 505.
serfdom, 553.
Scott, R., 659 f.
Scotus, Duns, 34.
Sea power, 490 f.
Sebastian, King of Portugal, 446.
Seckendorf, 701.
Selim I, Sultan, 449, 748.
Sell, K., 737.
Semblancay, 518.
Seneca, 162.
Serfdom, 89 f., 97 f., 552 f.
Seripando, 417.
Servetus, M., 177 f., 613, 6