guillotine. Under the Empire, M. de Talleyrand is prince of Benevento,
minister of foreign affairs and vice-grand-elector with a salary of five
hundred thousand francs. We see personages of old nobility figuring in
the first ranks: among the clergy M. de Roquelaure, M. de Boisgelin,
M. de Broglie, M. Ferdinand de Rohan; in the magistracy, M. Seguier, M.
Pasquier, M. Mole; on the domestic and decorative staff of the
palace, Comte de Segur, grand-master of ceremonies, Comte de
Montesquiou-Fezensac, grand-chamberlain, also as chamberlains, Comtes
d'Aubusson de la Feuillade, de Brigode, de Croy, de Coutades,
de Louvois, de Brancas, de Gontaut, de Grammont, de Beauvau, de
Lur-Saluces, d'Haussonville, de Noailles, de Chabot, de Turenne,[3309]
and other bearers of historic names.--During the Revolution, at each new
parliamentarian, popular or military coup d'etat the notabilities of
the vanquished party were always excluded from office and generally
outlawed. After the coup d'etat of Brumaire, not only are the vanquished
of the old parties all brought back under the protection of the law,
but, again, their notables are promoted to the highest offices. Among
the monarchists of the Constituent Assembly Mabuet is made councilor of
State, and Maury archbishop of Paris; forty-seven other ecclesiastics
who, like himself, refused to take the oath to the civil constitution
of the clergy, are appointed, like him, to episcopal thrones. Among
the Feuillants of the Legislative Assembly, Vaublanc is made prefect,
Beugnot a councilor of State and minister of the finances in the
grand-duchy of Berg, Matthieu Dumas a brigadier-general and director of
reviews, Narbonne becomes the aid-de-camp and the intimate interlocutor
of Napoleon, and then ambassador to Vienna; if Lafayette had been
willing, not to ask for but to accept the post, he would have been made
a marshal of France.--Among the few Girondists or Federalists who did
not perish after the 2nd June, Riouffe is prefect and baron, Lanjuinais
is senator and count; among others proscribed, or half proscribed, the
new Regime restores to and places at the head of affairs the superior
and special employees whom the Reign of Terror had driven away, or
singled out for slaughter, particularly the heads of the financial and
diplomatic services who, denounced by Robespierre on the 8th Thermidor,
or arrested on the morning of the 9th already felt their necks under the
blade of the guillotine; Reinhart