njoyment or this
property.i

III. Essential Public Local Works.

Analysis of other local societies, commune, department, or
province.--Common interests which necessitate local action.
--Two objects in view: care of public roads and means of
protection against spreading calamities.--Why collaboration
is an obligation.--Neighbors involuntarily subject to a
common bond on account of proximity.--Willingly or not each
shares in its benefits.--What portion of the expense belongs
to each.--Equal advantages for each.--The unequal and
proportionate advantages for each in his private expenses,
industrial or commercial gains, and in the locative value of
his real estate.--Each person's quota of expense according
to his equal and proportionate share in advantages.

All local societies are of this kind, each limited to a certain
territory and included with others like it inside a larger area, each
possessing two budgets depending on whether it is a distinct body or
member of a larger corporation, each, from the commune to the department
or province, instituted on a basis of interests which make them jointly
but involuntarily liable.--There are two of these important interests
which, as in the Annecy building, elude human arbitrariness, which
demand common action and distribution of the expense, because, as in the
Annecy building, they are the inevitable results of physical proximity:

First, comes care for the public highways, by land or by water, river
navigation, canals, towing-paths, bridges, streets, public squares,
by-roads, along with the more or less optional and gradual improvements
which public roads demand or prescribe, such as their laying-out,
sidewalks, paving, sweeping, lighting, drainage, sewers, rolling,
ditches, leveling, embankments, and other engineering works, which
establish or increase safety and convenience in circulation, with
facilities for and dispatch in transportation.

Next, comes protection against the spread of calamities, such as fires,
inundations, contagious diseases, epidemics, along with the more or
less optional and remote precautions which this protection exacts or
recommends, night watchers in Russia, dikes in Holland, levees in
the valleys of the Po and the Loire, cemeteries and regulations for
interment, cleanliness of the streets, ventilation of holes and
corners, drainage of marshes, hydrants, and supplies of drinkable