ses."]

[Footnote 3173: Rocquam, '94. (Report by Fourcroy on the 14th military
division, Manche, Orne, Calvados.) "Besides bad conduct, drunkenness,
and the immorality of many of these teachers, it seems certain that the
lack of instruction in religion is the principal motive which prevents
parents from sending their children to these schools."--Archives
nationales, ibid. (Report by Lacuee on the 1st military division.) "The
teachers, male and female, who desired to conform to the law of Brumaire
3 and to the different rules prescribed by the central administration,
on placing the constitution and the rights of man in the hands of their
pupils, found their schools abandoned one after the other. The schools
the best attended are those where the Testament, the catechism, and the
life of Christ are used.... The instructors, obliged to pursue the line
marked out by the government, could not do otherwise than carry out the
principles which opposed the prejudices and habits of the parents; hence
their loss of credit, and the almost total desertion of the pupils."]

[Footnote 3174: "The Revolution," vol. III., p. 81, note 2. (Laff. II.
pp.68-69, note 4.)]

[Footnote 3175: "Statistiques des prefets," Moselle. (Analysis by
Ferriere.) At Metz, in 1789, there were five free schools for young
children, of which one was for boys and four for girls, kept by monks or
nuns; in the year XII there were none: "An entire generation was given
up to ignorance." Ibid., Ain, by Bossi, 1808: "In 1800, there were
scarcely any primary schools in the department, as in the rest of
France." In 1808, there are scarcely thirty.--Albert Duruy, p.480, 496.
(Proces-verbaux des conseils-generaux, year IX.) Vosges: "Scarcely
any primary instruction."--Sarthe: "Primary instruction,
none."--Meuse-Inferieure: "It is feared that in fifteen years or so
there will not be one man in a hundred able to write," etc.]

[Footnote 3176: These are the minimum figures, and they are arrived at
through the following calculation. Before 1789, 47 men out of 100, and
26 women out of 100, that is to say 36 or 37 persons in 100, received
primary instruction. Now, according to the census from 1876 to 1881
(official statistics of primary instruction, III., XVI.), children
from six to thirteen number about twelve % of the entire population.
Accordingly, in 1789, out of a population of 26 millions, the children
from 6 to 13 numbered 3,120,000, of whom 1,138,000 learned to read a