. 11, 1808 (article 1.)]

[Footnote 31125: Albert Duruy, "l'Instruction publique et la
Revolution," p.480 et seq. ("Proces-verbaux des conseils-generaux de
l'an IX;" among others, the petitions from Gironde, Ile-et-Vilaine,
Maine-et-Loire, Puy.de-Dome, Haute-Saone, Haute Vienne, la Manche,
Lot-et-Garonne, Sarthe, Aisne, Aude, Cote-d'Or, Pas-de-Calais,
BassePyrenees, Pyrenees-Orienta1es, and Lot.)]

[Footnote 31126: Alexis Chevalier, ibid., p. 182. (According to
statistical returns of the parent establishment, rue Oudinot.--These
figures are probably too low.)]

[Footnote 31127: "Recueil des lois et reglemens sur l'enseignement
superieur," by A. de Beauchamp, I., 65. (Report by Fourcroy, April
20, 1802.) "Old schools, since the suppression of upper schools and
universities, have taken a new extension, and a pretty large number of
private institutions have been formed for the literary education of the
young."]

[Footnote 31128: Ibid., 65 and 71. (Report by Fourcroy.) "As to the
primary schools, the zeal of the municipalities must be aroused, the
emulation of the functionaries excited, and charitable tendencies
revived, so natural to the French heart and which will so promptly
spring up when the religious respect of the government for local
endowments becomes known."]

[Footnote 31129: Ibid., p. 81. (Decree of May 1st, 1802, titles 2 and
9.--Decree of Sept. 17, 1808, article 23.)]

[Footnote 31130: "Histoire du college des Bons-Enfans de l'universite de
Reims," by abbe Cauly, p. 649.--The lycee of Reims, decreed May 6,
1802, was not opened until the 24th of September, 1803. The town was to
furnish accommodations for 150 pupils. It spent nearly 200,000 francs to
put buildings in order.... This sum was provided, on the one hand, by
a voluntary subscription which realized 45,000 francs and, on the other
hand, by an additional tax.]

[Footnote 31131: Law of May 1, 1802, articles 32, 33, and 34.--Guizot,
"Essai sur l'instruction publique, I., 59. Bonaparte maintained and
brought up in the lycees, at his own expense and for his own advantage,
about 3000 children... commonly selected from the sons of soldiers
or from poor families."--Fabry, "Memoires pour servir a l'histoire de
l'instruction publique," III., 802. "Children of soldiers whose wives
lived in Paris, the sons of office-holders who were prevented by
luxury from bringing up their families--such were the scholarships of
Paris."--"In the provinces, the employees