h individuals."--Robert, "De l'Influence de la
revolution sur la population, 1802," p.41. "Since the Revolution I have
noticed in the little village of Sainte-Tulle that the consumption of
meat has doubled; the peasants who formerly lived on salt pork and
ate beef only at Easter and at Christmas, frequently enjoy a pot-a-feu
during the week, and have given up rye-bread for wheat-bread."]

[Footnote 3227: The sum of 1 fr. 15 for a day's manual labor is an
average, derived from the statistics furnished by the prefects of the
year IX to the year XIII, especially for Charente, Deux-Sevres, Meurthe,
Moselle and Doubs.]

[Footnote 3228: "The Ancient Regime." p. 353. (Laff. I. p. 262).]

[Footnote 3229: Arthur Young, II., 259. (Average rate for a day's work
throughout France in 1789.)]

[Footnote 3230: About 15 millions out of 26 millions, in the opinion
of Mallet-Dupan and other observers.--Towards the middle of the 18th
century, in a population estimated at 20 millions, Voltaire reckons
that "many inhabitants possess only the value of 10 crowns rental, that
others have only 4 or 5, and that more than 6 millions of inhabitants
have nothing." ("L'homme aux quarante ecus.")--A little later, Chamfort
(I., 178) adds: "It is an incontestable truth that, in France, 7
millions of men beg, and 12 millions of men are incapable of giving
anything."]

[Footnote 3231: Law of Floreal 3, year X, title II, articles 13, 14, Sec. 3
and 4.]

[Footnote 3232: Charles Nicolas, ibid.--In 1821, the personal and poll
tax yields 46 millions; the tax on doors and windows, 21 millions:
total, 67 millions. According to these sums we see that, if the
recipient of 100 francs income from real-estate pays 16 fr. 77
real-estate tax, he pays only 4 fr. 01 for his three other direct
taxes.--These figures, 6 to 7 francs, can nowadays be arrived at through
direct observation.--To omit nothing, the assessment in kind, renewed
in principle after 1802 on all parish and departmental roads, should be
added; this tax, demanded by rural interests, laid by local authorities,
adapted to the accommodation of the taxpayer, and at once accepted by
the inhabitants, has nothing in common with the former covee, save
in appearance; in fact, it is as easy as the corvee was burdensome.
(Stourm, I., 122.)]

[Footnote 3233: They thus pay between 2 and 6% in taxes, a very low
taxation if we compare with the contemporary industrial consumer welfare
society, where, in Scandin