labor: trade union pluralism

_*_Government
_#_Long-form name: Republic of Poland

_#_Type: democratic state

_#_Capital: Warsaw

_#_Administrative divisions: 49 provinces (wojewodztwa,
singular--wojewodztwo); Biala Podlaska, Bialystok, Bielsko,
Bydgoszcz, Chelm, Ciechanow, Czestochowa, Elblag, Gdansk,
Gorzow, Jelenia Gora, Kalisz, Katowice, Kielce, Konin, Koszalin,
Krakow, Krosno, Legnica, Leszno, Lodz, Lomza, Lublin,
Nowy Sacz, Olsztyn, Opole, Ostroleka, Pila, Piotrkow,
Plock, Poznan, Przemysl, Radom, Rzeszow, Siedlce, Sieradz,
Skierniewice, Slupsk, Suwalki, Szczecin, Tarnobrzeg, Tarnow,
Torun, Walbrzych, Warszawa, Wloclawek, Wroclaw, Zamosc,
Zielona Gora

_#_Independence: 11 November 1918, independent republic proclaimed

_#_Constitution: the Communist-imposed Constitution of 22 July 1952
will probably be replaced by a democratic Constitution in 1992

_#_Legal system: mixture of Continental (Napoleonic) civil law and
Communist legal theory; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not
accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

_#_National holiday: Constitution Day, 3 May (1794)

_#_Executive branch: president, prime minister, Council of Ministers
(cabinet)

_#_Legislative branch: bicameral National Assembly (Zgromadzenie
Narodowe) consists of an upper house or Senate (Senat) and a lower house
or Diet (Sejm)

_#_Judicial branch: Supreme Court

_#_Leaders:

Chief of State--President Lech WALESA (since 22 December
1990);

Head of Government--Prime Minister Jan Krzysztof BIELECKI (since
4 January 1991)

_#_Political parties and leaders:
center-right agrarian parties--Polish Peasant Party (PSL), Roman
BARTOSZCZE, chairman;
Polish Peasant Party-Solidarity, Gabriel JANOWSKI, chairman;

other center-right parties--Center Alliance, Jaroslaw KACZYNSKI,
chairman;
Christian National Union, Wieslaw CHRZANOWSKI, chairman;
Christian Democratic Labor Party, Wladyslaw SILA-NOWICKI, chairman;
Democratic Party, Jerzy JOZWIAK, chairman;

center-left parties--Polish Socialist Party, Jan Jozef LIPSKI,
chairman;
Democratic Union, Tadeusz MAZOWIECKI, chairman;
ROAD, Wladyslaw FRASYNIUK and Zbigniew BUJAK, chairmen;

left-wing parties--Polish Socialist Party-Democratic Revolution,
Piotr IKONOWICZ;

other--Social Democracy of the Republic of Poland (formerly the
Communist party or Polish United Workers' Party/PZPR), Aleksander
KWASNIEWSKI, chairman;
Union of the Social Democracy of the