tured consumer goods 17%; agricultural and forestry
products 5% (1989);

partners--USSR 18%, FRG 16%, Austria 6%, Czechoslovakia 6% (1989)

_#_External debt: $48.5 billion (January 1991)

_#_Industrial production: growth rate - 23% (State sector 1990 est.)

_#_Electricity: 31,530,000 kW capacity; 136,300 million kWh produced,
3,610 kWh per capita (1990)

_#_Industries: machine building, iron and steel, extractive
industries, chemicals, shipbuilding, food processing, glass, beverages,
textiles

_#_Agriculture: accounts for 15% of GNP and 27% of labor force; 75% of
output from private farms, 25% from state farms; productivity remains
low by European standards; leading European producer of rye, rapeseed,
and potatoes; wide variety of other crops and livestock; major exporter
of pork products; normally self-sufficient in food

_#_Economic aid: donor--bilateral aid to non-Communist less developed
countries, $2.2 billion (1954-89)

_#_Currency: zloty (plural--zlotych); 1 zloty (Zl) =
100 groszy

_#_Exchange rates: zlotych (Zl) per US$1--11,100.00 (May 1991),
9,500 (1990), 1,439.18 (1989), 430.55 (1988), 265.08 (1987), 175.29
(1986), 147.14 (1985)

_#_Fiscal year: calendar year

_*_Communications
_#_Railroads: 27,041 km total; 24,287 km 1.435-meter standard gauge,
397 km 1.520-meter broad gauge, 2,357 km narrow gauge; 8,987 km double
track; 11,016 km electrified; government owned (1989)

_#_Highways: 299,887 km total; 130,000 km improved hard surface
(concrete, asphalt, stone block); 24,000 km unimproved hard surface
(crushed stone, gravel); 100,000 km earth; 45,887 km other urban roads
(1985)

_#_Inland waterways: 3,997 km navigable rivers and canals (1989)

_#_Pipelines: 4,500 km for natural gas; 1,986 km for crude oil;
360 km for refined products (1987)

_#_Ports: Gdansk, Gdynia, Szczecin, Swinoujscie; principal
inland ports are Gliwice on Kanal Gliwice, Wroclaw on the Oder, and
Warsaw on the Vistula

_#_Merchant marine: 235 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,957,600
GRT/4,163,820 DWT; includes 5 short-sea passenger, 92 cargo, 3
refrigerated cargo, 12 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 9 container, 3 petroleum,
oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 4 chemical tanker, 107 bulk; Poland
owns 1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) of 6,333 DWT operating under Liberian
registry

_#_Civil air: 48 major transport aircraft

_#_Airports: 160 total, 160 usable; 85 with permanent-surface runways;
1