e, also."
Other digital libraries were created from scratch, with no back
up from a traditional library. They were "only" digital. This
was the case of Athena in Switzerland, and Projetto Manuzio in
Italy.
Athena was founded in 1994 by Pierre Perroud, a Swiss teacher,
and hosted on the website of the University of Geneva. Athena
was created as a multilingual digital library specializing in
philosophy, science, literature, history and economics, either
by digitizing documents or by providing links to existing
etexts. The Helvetia section provided documents about
Switzerland. Geneva being the main city in French-speaking
Switzerland, Athena also focused on putting French texts
online. A specific page offered an extensive selection of other
digital libraries worldwide, with relevant links.
Projetto Manuzio was launched by Liber Liber as as a free
digital library for texts in Italian. Liber Liber is an Italian
cultural association aimed at the promotion of any kind of
artistic and intellectual expression. It wanted to link
humanities and science by using computer technology in
humanities. Projetto Manuzio was named after the famous 16th-
century Venetian publisher who improved the printing techniques
invented by Gutenberg.
As stated on its website in 1998, Projetto Manuzio wanted "to
make a noble idea real: the idea of making culture available to
everybody. How? By making books, graduation theses, articles,
tales or any other document which could be digitized in a
computer available all over the world, at any minute and free
of charge. Via modem, or using floppy disks (in this case, by
adding the cost of a blank disk and postal fees), it is already
possible to get hundreds of books. And Projetto Manuzio needs
only a few people to make such a masterpiece as Dante
Alighieri's Divina Commedia available to millions of people."
Some "only" digital libraries were organized around an author,
for example The Marx/Engels Internet Archive (MEIA). MEIA was
created in 1996 to offer a chronology of the collected works of
Karl Marx and Frederick Engels, and link this chronology to the
digital versions of these works "as one work after another is
brought online". As explained on the website in 1998: "There's
no way to monetarily profit from this project. 'Tis a labor of
love undertaken in the purest communitarian sense. The real
'profit' will hopefully manifest in the form of individual
enlightenment through easy access to
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