ly, raising
concerns that the country will be unable to tap sufficient domestic
savings to maintain rapid growth. Administrative and legal barriers
are leading to costly delays for foreign investors, raising doubts
about Vietnam's ability to maintain the inflow of foreign capital.
While government officials are leading an effort to accelerate
reform, their continuing ideological bias in favor of state
intervention and control of the economy may slow progress toward a
more liberalized investment environment. Even with the strong growth
of the economy, unemployment at 25% remains a major problem.

GDP: purchasing power parity - $97 billion (1995 est.)

GDP real growth rate: 9.5% (1995 est.)

GDP per capita: $1,300 (1995 est.)

GDP composition by sector:
agriculture: 28%
industry: 28%
services: 44% (1995 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices): 14% (1995)

Labor force: 32.7 million
by occupation: agricultural 65%, industrial and service 35% (1990
est.)

Unemployment rate: 25% (1995 est.)

Budget:
revenues: $4.67 billion
expenditures: $5 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.36
billion (1995 est.)

Industries: food processing, textiles, machine building, mining,
cement, chemical fertilizer, glass, tires, oil

Industrial production growth rate: 14% (1995 est.)

Electricity:
capacity: 4,470,000 kW
production: 20 billion kWh
consumption per capita: 200 kWh (1995 est.)

Agriculture: paddy rice, corn, potatoes, rubber, soybeans, coffee,
tea, bananas; poultry, pigs; fish catch of 943,100 metric tons (1989
est.)

Illicit drugs: opium producer and increasingly important transit
point for Southeast Asian heroin destined for the US and Europe;
growing opium addiction; possible small-scale heroin production

Exports: $5.3 billion (f.o.b., 1995 est.)
commodities: crude oil, rice, marine products, coffee, rubber, tea,
and garments
partners: Japan, Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong, France, South Korea

Imports: $7.5 billion (f.o.b., 1995 est.)
commodities: petroleum products, machinery and equipment, steel
products, fertilizer, raw cotton, grain
partners: Singapore, South Korea, Japan, France, Hong Kong, Taiwan

External debt: $7.3 billion Western countries; $4.5 billion CEMA
debts primarily to Russia; $9 billion to $18 billion nonconvertible
debt (former CEMA, Iraq, Iran)

Economic aid:
recipient: ODA, $57 million (1993)
note: $2.31