for Asian and Latin American illicit drugs to Western Europe;
producer of precursor chemicals

Exports: $22.2 billion (f.o.b., 1995 est.)
commodities: intermediate goods 27.5%, machinery and transport
equipment 19.8%, miscellaneous manufactures 20.5%, foodstuffs 11.6%,
fuels 9.1% (1994)
partners: Germany 35.7%, Netherlands 5.9%, Russia 5.4%, Italy 4.9%
(1994)

Imports: $23.4 billion (f.o.b., 1995 est.)
commodities: machinery and transport equipment 28.9%, intermediate
goods 20.2%, chemicals 14.7%, fuels 10.4%, miscellaneous
manufactures 9.9%
partners: Germany 27.5%, Italy 8.4%, Russia 6.8%, UK 5.3% (1994)

External debt: $42.1 billion (yearend 1995 est.)

Economic aid:
recipient: Western governments and institutions pledged $22 billion
in grants and loans during 1990-94, but much of the money has not
been disbursed

Currency: 1 zloty (Zl) = 100 groszy

Exchange rates: zlotych (Zl) per US$1 - 2.55 (January 1996) 2.4250
(1995); note - a currency reform on 1 January 1995 replaced 10,000
old zlotys with 1 new zloty; 22,723 (1994), 18,115 (1993), 13,626
(1992), 10,576 (1991)

Fiscal year: calendar year

Transportation
--------------

Railways:
total: 25,166 km
broad gauge: 656 km 1.520-m gauge
standard gauge: 22,655 km 1.435-m gauge (11,496 km electrified;
8,978 km double track)
narrow gauge: 1,855 km various gauges including 1.000-m, 0.785-m,
0.750-m, and 0.600-m (1995)

Highways:
total: 367,000 km (excluding farm, factory, and forest roads)
paved: 235,247 km (including 257 km of expressways)
unpaved: 131,753 km (1992 est.)

Waterways: 3,997 km navigable rivers and canals (1991)

Pipelines: crude oil 1,986 km; petroleum products 360 km; natural
gas 4,600 km (1992)

Ports: Gdansk, Gdynia, Gliwice, Kolobrzeg, Szczecin, Swinoujscie,
Ustka, Warsaw, Wrocaw

Merchant marine:
total: 131 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,093,491
GRT/3,167,660 DWT
ships by type: bulk 73, cargo 36, chemical tanker 4, container 7,
oil tanker 1, passenger 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 4, short-sea
passenger 5
note: Poland owns an additional 18 ships (1,000 GRT or over)
totaling 179,913 DWT operating under the registries of The Bahamas,
Liberia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Vanuatu, and Cyprus (1995
est.)

Airports:
total: 134
with paved runways over 3 047 m: 2
with paved runways 2 438 to 3 047 m: 30
with paved runways 1 524 to 2